]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. type of energy EnergyType types of energy kinetic energy Kinetic energy is energy due to an objects being in motion, can be calculated as 1/2*M*V**2; it is measured in Joules in the MKS system. KineticEnergy The collection of all alternating current (AC). A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Electricity</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi5r5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AlternatingCurrent</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjX0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnergyType</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>. AC AlternatingCurrent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrqW-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LiquidFuel</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlvNSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PetroleumProduct_Refined</a>. This is the collection of all portions of diesel fuel. DieselFuel diesel The substances usually used as fuels. CombustibleFuelSubstance fuel thermal energy The transfer of energy into or out of an object either through a change in its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjccJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KineticEnergy</a> (which likewise produces a change in its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVicfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Temperature</a>) or a change in its potential energy. ThermalEnergy An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVOKFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FossilFuel</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalTangibleStuff</a>. Each instance of this collection is some amount of natural gas (including the gaseous form and Liquefied Natural Gas or LNG), the gas used in home appliances, etc. This collection includes as specializations unrefined natural gas and refined natural gas. NaturalGas natural gas Potential energy is stored mechanical energy. In general terms, the potential energy of an object is a measure of the work that must be expended to bring the object from a ground state to another state. For example, the work performed to raise a block with mass, <code>m</code>, a fixed height, <code>h</code>, above the ground increases the potential energy of the block by the quantity <code>m*g*h</code>, where <code>g</code> is the acceleration due to gravity. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rXdWZTJTVEdqAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">PotentialEnergyFunction</a>. potential energy PotentialEnergy energy The most generic collection of all instances of all types of energy, either in radiating wave form or in solid matter form, that may be used to provide a source of energy. EnergyStuff mechanical energy MechanicalEnergy The collection of instances of mechanical energy - the energy of things in motion <considered as a stuff>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r91VuUCJZEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">NuclearRelatedMaterial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnergyStuff</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQB_7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NuclearFuel</a> is some radioactive substance that can be used as an energy source in a nuclear reactor or a nuclear weapon. nuclear fuel NuclearFuel Propane C3H8. A combustible gas which is commonly compressed into a liquid and used as a fuel. propane water energy WaterEnergy hydrolic energy that can be harnessed by water mills, turbines... electricity The sort of energy that flows through electrical conductors, is produced by electrical generators, etc. Electricity Light-Stuff An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBCUKRq5sQdifdq02wQw31Q" class="cyc_term">Light_Stuff</a> is some light naively considered as stuff rather than an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>. There are many common sense truths which (arguably) involve thinking of light in this way, e.g. "Windows admit light," "Light bulbs produce light," "Cats don't need much light to see." light-stuff The collection of all geothermal energy. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnergyStuff</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBvMTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeothermalPower</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjX0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnergyType</a>, an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMc3h5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalResourceType</a>. geothermal energy GeothermalPower GasolineFuel gasoline Derived from petroleum, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjxdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GasolineFuel</a> provides the power to run engines, in particular those which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportationDevice</a>s Energy-Renewable This is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjX0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnergyType</a> and a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnergyStuff</a>. It is the collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnergyStuff</a> which are derived from sources which are not depletable in the sense that they will likely be around about as long as we will be and our use of these sources does not deplete them. Examples include solar-, wind-, and geothermal-derived energy. Non-instances most notably include energy derived from fossil fuels. Energy derived from by-products of industrial or agricultural production should also count as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6AempwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Energy_Renewable</a>, because the use of these sources, unlike the burning of coal, does not deplete a fixed finite store. renewable energy MuscleEnergy The collection of all muscle power. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7oZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MechanicalEnergy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MuscleEnergy</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjX0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnergyType</a>. muscle power wind energy WindEnergy energy of the atmosphere in motion. Can be harnessed by windmills, turbines... bio energy Bioenergy This is the collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6AempwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Energy_Renewable</a> which are produced from crops. Ethanol is probably the best-known sort. The collection of all direct sunlight. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sunlight</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVig9ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sunlight_Direct</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjX0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnergyType</a>. Sunlight-Direct direct sunlight DC DirectCurrent The collection of all direct current (DC). A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Electricity</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVihN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DirectCurrent</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjX0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnergyType</a>. The collection of combustible substances used as fuel which are typically in a liquid state. These substaces can all be used in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternalCombustionEngine</a>. liquid fuel LiquidFuel NuclearGeneratedElectricity The collection of instances of electricity generated by nuclear reactors. nuclear-generated electricity daylight Daylight The light of day. In <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjli5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WeatherMt</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjiKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Daylight</a> is the light of daytime, even in the shade. The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection type of energy EnergyType Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString type of energy EnergyType type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. TemporalStuffType