]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. philosophy PhilosophyBeliefs The class of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BeliefSystem</a>s that deal in rather abstract terms with what can be known, what is and what can be, and/or with what should be. Sample elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhilosophyBeliefs</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjW95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilesianSchoolBeliefs</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThalesPhilosophy</a>, etc. philosophies The doctrine that holds that pleasure is the greatest good. hedonism Hedonism Atheism The belief that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">God</a>s or other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOoodJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SupernaturalBeing</a>s do not exist. atheism Anaximander's beliefs that everything was composed of an infinite indeterminate substance and in the existence of a cosmic order. AnaximandersPhilosophy Anaximanders philosophy Milesian School belief MilesianSchoolBeliefs The beliefs common to the various schools and subschools of philosophy before <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJ5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Socrates</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plato</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Aristotle</a> Marxism-Leninism The variant of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0EZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communism</a> developed by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnqsu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VladimirLenin</a>. Marxism-Leninism Epicureanism A school of ancient Greek philosophy founded by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6FRs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Epicurus</a>. EpicureanSchoolBeliefs Deconstructionism Deconstructionism A school of late-Modern Continental philosophy and literary criticism founded by Jacques Derrida. Phenomenology A school of Continental philosophy founded by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCTAoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdmundHusserl</a> at the end of the 19th century. Phenomenology AnaximenesPhilosophy Anaximenes' belief that all things are composed of some form of air Anaximenes philosophy An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoliticalBeliefSystem</a>. Agents with this ideology hold, following <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKXGbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KarlMarx</a>, that in a capitalist economy the working class (i.e. the proletariat) is exploited by those who control the means of production (i.e. the bourgeoisie). Adherents of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhipO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Marxism</a> are often (but not necessarily) adherents of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0EZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communism</a> (q.v.). Marxism Marxism YogaBeliefSystem One of the six classic systems of Hindu philosophy. One of its central beliefs is that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DoingYoga</a> enables the person to achieve liberation from a false identification with the mind/body complex and attain union with the spiritual self. yoga philosophy Thales philosophy <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViKKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thales</a>' belief that all things are composed of some form of water ThalesPhilosophy An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhilosophyBeliefs</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rObEf8RB_EdicxAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">Dialetheism</a> is the view that there are, or at least could be, true contradictions. According to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rObEf8RB_EdicxAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">Dialetheism</a>, there is, or could be, some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a> PROP such that both PROP and (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">not</a> PROP) are true. Dialethism Dialetheism philosophy PhilosophyBeliefs The class of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BeliefSystem</a>s that deal in rather abstract terms with what can be known, what is and what can be, and/or with what should be. Sample elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhilosophyBeliefs</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjW95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilesianSchoolBeliefs</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThalesPhilosophy</a>, etc. philosophy PhilosophyBeliefs The class of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BeliefSystem</a>s that deal in rather abstract terms with what can be known, what is and what can be, and/or with what should be. Sample elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhilosophyBeliefs</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjW95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilesianSchoolBeliefs</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThalesPhilosophy</a>, etc. belief system A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BeliefSystem</a> is an ideology (systems of belief) in terms of which an agent characterizes (i.e., makes sense of) the world. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BeliefSystem</a> include: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVicUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vegetarianism</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP2Gc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GermanNaziIdeology</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RepublicanPartyIdeology</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0EZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communism</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr8hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pacifism</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkAT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Atheism</a>, etc. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNgIyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassificationSystem</a>. BeliefSystem Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString philosophy PhilosophyBeliefs The class of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BeliefSystem</a>s that deal in rather abstract terms with what can be known, what is and what can be, and/or with what should be. Sample elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhilosophyBeliefs</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjW95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilesianSchoolBeliefs</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThalesPhilosophy</a>, etc. type of belief system BeliefSystemType The collection of all the kinds of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BeliefSystem</a>s -- religious, philosophical, political, ethical, cultural, and scientific. Some elements of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkCHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Religion</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhilosophyBeliefs</a>, etc. The most general member of this set is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BeliefSystem</a>s (qv). A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjSBSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtisp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> is an intangible thing intentionally created by an agent or agents. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtisp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> include <font color="#ff0000">#$ComputerLanguage</font>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a>. intangible artifact Artifact-Intangible