]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. clergyman Cleric A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReligiousPerson</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> is a religious leader, typically in charge of some congregation (for instance, a synagogue, temple, mosque, or church). Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvy3wrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rabbi</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVrx15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Priest</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvexJ0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mullah</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVuVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Minister</a>. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleric clerics cleric clergies churchmen clergymen churchman clergy Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvy3wrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rabbi</a> is Jewish religious leader, qualified to lead (and who typically does lead) some synagogue. rabbi Rabbi Ayatollah ayatollah A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8QiLguJbEdiOzgACs6hcqg" class="cyc_term">Ayatollah</a> is a high-ranking Shiite religious leader who has political power and is regarded as an authority on Islamic law (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPpM2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IslamicLawSystem</a>). imam The collection of all imams. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHJG1esr5EdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">ReligiousLeader</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rMkM8wqURQdic0fH40JMnqg" class="cyc_term">Imam</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r08KLpNjmQdeUfM1TqvCQaw" class="cyc_term">ClericTypeByReligionAndPosition</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. Imam Mullah derives from the old Arabian word MAWLA, which denotes either the slave or the master (cf. http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/reference/glossary/term.MAWLA.html). In the extended sense, it means a Muslim teacher of religion, who has interpretive authority over the Qur'an, Hadith and the other bodies of Islam's religious knowledge. Notice that due to the intertwined relationship of religion, politics and social policy in Islam, the religious rulings of a Mullah can have massive socio-political consequences. Muslim cleric Mullah bishop The collection of all bishops, which are christian <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a>s, usually male, who are mostly senior leaders within hierarchically organized church denominations such as the Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Lutheran, Anglican or Episcopalian churches. Every Christian bishop is consecrated by one or more other bishops, in a chain of consecrations in direct 'apostolic succession' from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3n0p5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusChrist</a>. Some bishops in this succession are 'wandering bishops' (episcopes vagrantes) not associated with organized churches. In mediaeval times, some countries were ruled by bishops. Bishop-Clerical Priest priest Person, usually male, who is the leader of a Catholic or Epicopalian church. minister Minister The leader of a Protestant church. PatriarchOfAntioch patriarch of Antioch This collection designates one of the principal leaders of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r99EemOKAEdmAAAACs4vPlg" class="cyc_term">MaroniteChurch</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a>. Chaplains are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> typically employed by a non-overtly-religious organization to meet the spiritual needs of its members (as in a military chaplain) or clients (as in a hospital chaplain) or, in the case of prison chaplains, its captives. chaplain Chaplain Mufti A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi68pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Judge</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjBdZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mufti</a> is a religious leader in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Islam</a> who deals with questions of jurisprudence. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjBdZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mufti</a> is the only type of religious leader who can issue a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvshPLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fatwa</a>, which gives him the power of handling cases where there is doubt among other authorities. The Arabic root for 'mufti' and 'fatwa' is the same: f-t-w Mufti adult worker Professional-Adult A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a>. A person is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvooD95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Professional_Adult</a> just in case he or she is an adult and a professional. clergyman Cleric A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReligiousPerson</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> is a religious leader, typically in charge of some congregation (for instance, a synagogue, temple, mosque, or church). Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvy3wrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rabbi</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVrx15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Priest</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvexJ0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mullah</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVuVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Minister</a>. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWgxLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByActivity</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a> is a collection of workers (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a>) and is defined in terms of the kind of work done. The various instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a> correspond to jobs of all kinds, and not just to those colloquially called "professions". Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjONJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgrammerProfessional</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodServiceEmployee</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwxbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalCareProfessional</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwl6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SalesRepresentative</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjilJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Brewer</a>, and many others. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. type of profession PersonTypeByOccupation clergyman Cleric A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReligiousPerson</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> is a religious leader, typically in charge of some congregation (for instance, a synagogue, temple, mosque, or church). Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvy3wrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rabbi</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVrx15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Priest</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvexJ0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mullah</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVuVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Minister</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString clergyman Cleric A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReligiousPerson</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> is a religious leader, typically in charge of some congregation (for instance, a synagogue, temple, mosque, or church). Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvy3wrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rabbi</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVrx15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Priest</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvexJ0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mullah</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVuVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Minister</a>. clergyman Cleric A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReligiousPerson</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> is a religious leader, typically in charge of some congregation (for instance, a synagogue, temple, mosque, or church). Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvy3wrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rabbi</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVrx15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Priest</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvexJ0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mullah</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVuVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Minister</a>. (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet Cleric Nun Monk)) the union of { clergymen, nuns, monks } clergyman Cleric A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReligiousPerson</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> is a religious leader, typically in charge of some congregation (for instance, a synagogue, temple, mosque, or church). Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvy3wrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rabbi</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVrx15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Priest</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvexJ0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mullah</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVuVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Minister</a>. spiritual leader A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5eJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Leader</a>. Each instance is a leader in religious or sacred affairs. SpiritualLeader