]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The collection of all monarchs. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> is a person who is a member of some royal family and is also a head of state. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. monarch Monarch-HeadOfState royal monarches regalest regal royals sovereigns sovereign regaler http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch The queen of a country which is usually a monarchy and always a kingdom Queen-HeadOfState queen Shah means King. It is the Persian and Sanskrit word for monarch, and originated in Persia. Shah shah tzar Tsar-HeadOfState Usually the ruler of Russia. pharaoh A ruler of ancient <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Egypt</a>. Pharaoh-HeadOfState The collection of all sovereign <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv10QMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Prince</a>s of countries, which are usually monarchies and always Principalities. Prince-HeadOfState sovereign prince king The collection of all kings of countries, which are usually monarchies and always kingdoms. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaleHuman</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">King_HeadOfState</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0pQh5NmKQdeTouvwJLt9Aw" class="cyc_term">HeadOfStateTypeByTitle</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>, and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVmCKvtmJQdeMp5jGuFvrWg" class="cyc_term">AristocratTypeByTitle</a>. King-HeadOfState A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a>. Each instance is a member of the Carolingian dynasty. Carolingian-Monarch-HeadOfState carolingian Amir-HeadOfState The collection of all Amirs (Emirs) of countries or emirates. Amir is an islamic title of nobility. amir Emperor-HeadOfState The emperor of a country which is usually an empire. emperor The grandDuke of a country which is usually a monarchy and always a GrandDuchy. GrandDuke-HeadOfState grand duke The collection of all monarchs. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> is a person who is a member of some royal family and is also a head of state. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. monarch Monarch-HeadOfState The collection of all monarchs. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> is a person who is a member of some royal family and is also a head of state. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. monarch Monarch-HeadOfState The collection of all monarchs. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> is a person who is a member of some royal family and is also a head of state. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. monarch Monarch-HeadOfState The collection of all aristocrats, or persons who hold hereditary titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch. This excludes British 'life-peers,' whose titles are not hereditary, and hereditary knights, who are not nobility. It includes all hereditary aristocratic ranks from Baronet and Laird up to hereditary monarch. It does not include moneyed or distinguished people who are only informally called 'aristocrats'. Aristocrat aristocrat Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString (SubcollectionOfWithRelationFromTypeFn Person groupMembers RoyalFamily) person who is a member of some royal family type of position A collection of collections. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> is a collection representing a type of position in an organization. More precisely, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> is the collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> who typically hold that position within some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> or other. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryPJOODDbQdic45ams7ynvA" class="cyc_term">Scout</a> is the collection of all persons who are scouts -- e.g. people who lead people through wilderness areas or jungles. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryPJOODDbQdic45ams7ynvA" class="cyc_term">Scout</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> because typically a scout performs those duties within the context of their employment with some organization or other. Some other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrzr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mayor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWO8wpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CampaignManager</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Director_Movie</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-ikj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BaseballShortstop</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Secretary</a>. Obviously, which position-types are filled in a given organization partly depends on the type of organization it is; thus cities have mayors while business firms do not. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> is _not_ a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a> (q.v.); the latter categorizes workers according to the kinds of activities they perform at work rather than the positions organization members hold in their respective organizations. The typical activities of a vice president of a toy manufacturer (e.g.) are likely to be very unlike those of the vice president of a stamp club. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> need not be a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a>. Since every action is taken to be performed as part of one's job in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViLlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JobMt</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a> there. PersonTypeByPositionInOrg A collection of persons. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfState</a> is a person who holds a political position as the titular leader of some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Country</a>. Titles that such a person might hold include President, Premier, Chairman, Sultan, King or Queen, or Regent. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfState</a>: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBp5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BillClinton</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj3UZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QueenElizabethII</a>, #$YassirArafat, #$Hirohito, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruhcttPM6QdaeBJmcoMObkQ" class="cyc_term">JiangZemin</a>. See also the related constants <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhy8OJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">titleOfPosition</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfGovernment</a>. head of state HeadOfState The collection of all monarchs. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> is a person who is a member of some royal family and is also a head of state. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. monarch Monarch-HeadOfState The collection of all monarchs. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> is a person who is a member of some royal family and is also a head of state. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. monarch Monarch-HeadOfState