]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. king The collection of all kings of countries, which are usually monarchies and always kingdoms. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaleHuman</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">King_HeadOfState</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0pQh5NmKQdeTouvwJLt9Aw" class="cyc_term">HeadOfStateTypeByTitle</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>, and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVmCKvtmJQdeMp5jGuFvrWg" class="cyc_term">AristocratTypeByTitle</a>. King-HeadOfState kings http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch king of England A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">King_HeadOfState</a>. Each instance is the sovereign ruler of England. KingOfEngland The King of a country and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfGovernment</a> of that country King-HeadOfGovernment ruling king king of France A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">King_HeadOfState</a>. Each instance is a sovereign ruler of France. KingOfFrance KingLeopoldII King Leopold II KingCharlesIV King Charles IV King Christian IX KingChristianIX KingGustavVIAdolf King Gustav VI Adolf United Scotland to England. Was formerly James VI of Scotland. King James I KingJamesI King Charles XIII KingCharlesXIII KingLouisXVII Although he never reigned, LouisXVII was titular king of France for two years while he was a child (8-10 yrs. old), and was recognized as king by French royalists. King Louis XVII King Charles X KingCharlesX King Edward VI KingEdwardVI A frail child, KingEdwardVI was crowned at the age of nine and ruled under a regency until he died at 16 from tuberculosis. KingHenryIV King Henry IV Kaspar One of the three wise men (or magi) that visited <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusOfNazareth</a> at the nativity. Kaspar KingFerdinandVII King Ferdinand VII His ten year rule was characterized by extravagancy and excess. KingGeorgeIV King George IV KingGeorgeI King George I This German's inablility to speak English made him unpopular with people of Britain. KingLouisXVIII King Louis XVIII King William II KingWilliamII King William IV KingWilliamIV Charles II of Spain KingCharlesIIOfSpain KingLouisXV King Louis XV KingFerdinand Ferdinand V of Aragon Ferdinand V of Aragon joined Queen Isabella's Castile and his Aragon to create Spain. King Frederick VI KingFrederickVI King Amadeo KingAmadeo King Victor Emmanuel III KingVictorEmmanuelIII KingCharlesXV King Charles XV Carried out a policy of strenthening the Catholic Church. Deposed with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. KingJamesII King James II Restored to throne of England in 1660. Dissolved Parliament in an attempt to prevent his brother, JamesII from succeeding him. King Charles II KingCharlesII KingFerdinandVI King Ferdinand VI King George II KingGeorgeII The last British monarch to lead his troops in battle in the War Of Austrian Succession. KingCharlesHaakonVII King Charles Haakon VII King Victor Emmanuel II KingVictorEmmanuelII King George III KingGeorgeIII His reign is noted for expansion of empire and trade, the loss of America, the Napoleonic Wars, and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution KingCharlesI King Charles I King Gustav V KingGustavV KingAbdelAzizAlSaud King Abdel Aziz Al Saud King Carl XVI Gustav KingCarlXVIGustav Invited by Parliament to share the throne with his wife, Mary II, after the overthrow of KingJamesII. Accepted the Bill of Rights, which reduced the power of the monarch. King William III KingWilliamIII KingFrederickVII King Frederick VII KingUmbertoII King Umberto II KingHumbertI King Humbert I Melchior One of the three wise men (or magi) that visited <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusOfNazareth</a> at the nativity. Melchior KingPhilipII King Philip II KingOlavV King Olav V KingLouisPhilippe Louis Philippe d'Orleans KingCharlesXIVJohn King Charles XIV John KingWilliamI William I von Nassau, King of Netherlands King Alfonso XIII KingAlfonsoXIII King Christian VIII KingChristianVIII King Richard III KingRichardIII Took keen interest in affairs of British Empire. During World War I, he renounced his German titles and changed the name of the royal house to Windsor. KingGeorgeV King George V Balthazzar One of the three wise men (or magi) that visited <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusOfNazareth</a> at the nativity. Balthazzar King Oscar I KingOscarI King Henry VIII Remembered for his many wives and for divorcing the English Church from the Catholic Church of Rome. KingHenryVIII KingOscarII King Oscar II KingLouisXIII King Louis XIII KingFrederickVIII King Frederick VIII KingHenryVII Brought the War of the Roses to an end and founded the Tudor Dynasty. King Henry VII King Alfonso XII KingAlfonsoXII King Philip IV KingPhilipIV KingHaraldV King Harald V King Louis XVI King Louis XVI. Executed during French Revolution on january 21st, 1793. KingLouisXVI King George VI Crowned king on the abdication of his brother. KingGeorgeVI KingEdwardVIII King Edward VIII KingLeopoldIII King Leopold III KingPhilipIII King Philip III Juan Carlos of Spain, King of Spain KingJuanCarlos KingLouisXIV King Louis XIV Known for the Revocation of The Edict of Nantes. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoiP7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KingArthur</a> is either a historic person, or a legendary person whose existence has become historicised. King Arthur KingArthur KingCharlesIII King Charles III King Frederick IX KingFrederickIX King Philip V KingPhilipV Mohammad Zahir MohammadZahir Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples & Spain KingJoseph KingGustavusIVAdolphus King Gustavus IV Adolphus King Leopold I KingLeopoldI King Christian X KingChristianX The oldest of QueenVictoria's nine children, KingEdwardVII was the first monarch to travel widely, improving international relations. King Edward VII KingEdwardVII king The collection of all kings of countries, which are usually monarchies and always kingdoms. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaleHuman</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">King_HeadOfState</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0pQh5NmKQdeTouvwJLt9Aw" class="cyc_term">HeadOfStateTypeByTitle</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>, and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVmCKvtmJQdeMp5jGuFvrWg" class="cyc_term">AristocratTypeByTitle</a>. King-HeadOfState AristocratTypeByTitle A collection of collections. Each instance is a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjHZ8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Aristocrat</a> whose instances are all of the same title. aristocrat type by title king The collection of all kings of countries, which are usually monarchies and always kingdoms. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaleHuman</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">King_HeadOfState</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0pQh5NmKQdeTouvwJLt9Aw" class="cyc_term">HeadOfStateTypeByTitle</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>, and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVmCKvtmJQdeMp5jGuFvrWg" class="cyc_term">AristocratTypeByTitle</a>. King-HeadOfState king The collection of all kings of countries, which are usually monarchies and always kingdoms. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaleHuman</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">King_HeadOfState</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0pQh5NmKQdeTouvwJLt9Aw" class="cyc_term">HeadOfStateTypeByTitle</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>, and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVmCKvtmJQdeMp5jGuFvrWg" class="cyc_term">AristocratTypeByTitle</a>. King-HeadOfState Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of all monarchs. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> is a person who is a member of some royal family and is also a head of state. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. monarch Monarch-HeadOfState type of position A collection of collections. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> is a collection representing a type of position in an organization. More precisely, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> is the collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> who typically hold that position within some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> or other. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryPJOODDbQdic45ams7ynvA" class="cyc_term">Scout</a> is the collection of all persons who are scouts -- e.g. people who lead people through wilderness areas or jungles. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryPJOODDbQdic45ams7ynvA" class="cyc_term">Scout</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> because typically a scout performs those duties within the context of their employment with some organization or other. Some other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrzr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mayor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWO8wpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CampaignManager</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Director_Movie</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-ikj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BaseballShortstop</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Secretary</a>. Obviously, which position-types are filled in a given organization partly depends on the type of organization it is; thus cities have mayors while business firms do not. <p/> Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> is _not_ a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a> (q.v.); the latter categorizes workers according to the kinds of activities they perform at work rather than the positions organization members hold in their respective organizations. The typical activities of a vice president of a toy manufacturer (e.g.) are likely to be very unlike those of the vice president of a stamp club. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> need not be a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a>. <p/> Since every action is taken to be performed as part of one's job in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViLlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JobMt</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> <i>is</i> a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a> there. PersonTypeByPositionInOrg king The collection of all kings of countries, which are usually monarchies and always kingdoms. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaleHuman</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">King_HeadOfState</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0pQh5NmKQdeTouvwJLt9Aw" class="cyc_term">HeadOfStateTypeByTitle</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>, and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVmCKvtmJQdeMp5jGuFvrWg" class="cyc_term">AristocratTypeByTitle</a>. King-HeadOfState male person The collection of all male instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a>. MaleHuman king The collection of all kings of countries, which are usually monarchies and always kingdoms. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monarch_HeadOfState</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaleHuman</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">King_HeadOfState</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0pQh5NmKQdeTouvwJLt9Aw" class="cyc_term">HeadOfStateTypeByTitle</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>, and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVmCKvtmJQdeMp5jGuFvrWg" class="cyc_term">AristocratTypeByTitle</a>. King-HeadOfState HeadOfStateTypeByTitle A collection of collections. Each instance is a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfState</a> whose instances are all of the same title. head of state type by title