]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Politician politician An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWgxLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjntpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Politician</a> is a person who is involved in politics. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjntpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Politician</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfState</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4AMiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectoralCandidate</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfPoliticalParty</a>. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politician politicians politicos politico head of state or government (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet HeadOfState HeadOfGovernment)) Statesman A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjntpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Politician</a>. Each instance is a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs. national leader head of the military HeadOfMilitaryCouncil The head of militaryCouncil of a nation VicePresident-GovernmentOfficial A collection of persons. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCCh0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VicePresident_GovernmentOfficial</a> is a person who holds the title of vice president of some element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Country</a>. Often, the vice president of a country is first in the line of succession to the presidency. Examples: Al Gore, Dan Quayle. vice president head of a political party HeadOfPoliticalParty The head of politicalParty of a nation electoral candidate ElectoralCandidate The collection of all electoral candidates. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjntpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Politician</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4AMiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectoralCandidate</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a>. DavidBlunkett David Blunkett JavierSolana Javier Solana JimHeaney Jim Heaney Oscar Luigi Scalfaro OscarLuigiScalfaro Pericles was an Athenian statesman and military leader. He lived during the 5th century BC, and is credited with fostering the development of Athens - both as the seat of an empire, and as a democracy. Pericles Pericles NabilShaath Nabil Shaath Zayid bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan ZayidBinSultanAlNuhayyan Takenaka Heizo Takenaka AdolfoSuarez Adolfo Suarez Person-7227 Elie Karameh John Edwards, the former Senator from North Carolina who was John Kerry's running mate in the 2004 US Presidential election. JohnEdwards John Edwards ErskineBowles Erskine Bowles Cicero Cicero WalidJumblatt Walid Jumblatt Felipe Gonzales FelipeGonzales Ed Koch EdKoch Yossi Beilin YossiBeilin Karim Pakradouni Person-6986 FahdBinAbdAl-AzizAlSaud FAHD bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud Yasir Abed Rabbo YasirAbedRabbo MadeleineAlbright Madeleine Albright Politician politician An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWgxLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjntpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Politician</a> is a person who is involved in politics. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjntpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Politician</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfState</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4AMiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectoralCandidate</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfPoliticalParty</a>. person A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViknpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndividualAgent</a>: the collection of all persons. Personhood is a vague, emotionally loaded yet extremely salient concept with respect to common-sense reasoning. Something is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> if it is an individual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> with perceptual sensibility, capable of complex social relationships, and possessing a certain moral sophistication and an intrinsic moral value, or -- if it lacks certain of these characteristics -- is a member of a distinct type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViknpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> (usually a species) which generally possesses such characteristics and is therefore acknowledged by other members of that type as a person within their social systems. Most currently known instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a> but there is no reason why all need be (consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdRsSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hobbit</a>s in the fictional world of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8lZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LordOfTheRings_Trilogy</a>). They need not even be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> (consider the possibility of a person-like AI). Also note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> excludes non-human &quot;legal persons&quot;, who are, however, included in the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalAgent</a>. Person Politician politician An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWgxLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjntpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Politician</a> is a person who is involved in politics. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjntpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Politician</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfState</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4AMiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectoralCandidate</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfPoliticalParty</a>. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> <b>TERM1</b> <b>TERM2</b>)</code> means that <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is <i>broader</i> than <code><b>TERM1</b></code>, in an extremely general sense of &quot;broader&quot;. For example, <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code><b>TERM1</b></code> if any of the following hold:<br><br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection that subsumes <code><b>TERM1</b></code>; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection that has <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as an instance; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as parts; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> has <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as a part; <br><br> This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> <b>TERM1</b> <b>TERM2</b>)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet Politician GovernmentEmployee)) the union of { politicians, government workers } A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWgxLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByActivity</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a> is a collection of workers (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a>) and is defined in terms of the kind of work done. The various instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a> correspond to jobs of all kinds, and not just to those colloquially called &quot;professions&quot;. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjONJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgrammerProfessional</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodServiceEmployee</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwxbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalCareProfessional</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwl6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SalesRepresentative</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjilJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Brewer</a>, and many others. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. type of profession PersonTypeByOccupation PoliticsAndGovernment-Geography-Topic politics and government geography topic the union of { legal government organisations, politicians, political parties } (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet LegalGovernmentOrganization Politician PoliticalParty)) Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString Politician politician An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWgxLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjntpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Politician</a> is a person who is involved in politics. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjntpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Politician</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfState</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4AMiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectoralCandidate</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfPoliticalParty</a>. OccupationsByTypeOfActivity-Professional-Topic occupations by type of activity professional topic PersonWithOccupation worker The collection of persons who have a (skilled or unskilled) occupation. Most (but not all) instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a> spend a significant part of their waking hours doing activities that are characteristic of their occupations. Typically their actions are performed for pay (but not always: consider a &quot;starving artist&quot; who is unable to sell any of her works). Note that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a> need not be working over the entire duration of when s/he has an occupation; e.g. college professors on summer break and the temporarily unemployed still have occupations. Most reified specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a> classify workers according to their job titles, the kinds of work they perform, or the skills involved; while a few exploit other (usually quite broad) features of their working lives (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkALJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SelfEmployedWorker</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeskWorker</a>). But note that many collections corresponding to what are colloquially considered professions or occupations (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lifeguard</a>, <font color="#ff0000">#$StockBroker</font>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Housekeeper</a>, and many others) are _not_ specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a>, as those collections include people for whom the work in question is not their occupation. Politician politician An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWgxLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjntpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Politician</a> is a person who is involved in politics. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjntpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Politician</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfState</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4AMiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectoralCandidate</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfPoliticalParty</a>. (SampleInstanceOfTypeForProgramFn (SpecsFn PartiallyTangible) CycAnalyticEnvironment-TheProgram) Sample Instance Of Type For Program Fn type of tangible thing the Cyc Analytic Environment (SampleInstanceOfTypeForProgramFn (SpecsFn Agent-Generic) CycAnalyticEnvironment-TheProgram) Sample Instance Of Type For Program Fn type of generic agent the Cyc Analytic Environment Politician politician An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWgxLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjntpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Politician</a> is a person who is involved in politics. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjntpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Politician</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfState</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4AMiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectoralCandidate</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeadOfPoliticalParty</a>.