]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The electrical component used to transform sound into electrical signals microphone Microphone http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone mike mikes microphones bug Bug-InformationGatheringDevice <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKPMr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bug_InformationGatheringDevice</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microphone</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaJmFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGatheringDevice</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKPMr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bug_InformationGatheringDevice</a> are microphones typically used for espionage by instances of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOQYGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spy</a>. TelephoneReceiver A collection of electronic components. Each instance of TelephoneReceiver includes at least a small speaker and a small microphone installed in an object that can be held in the user's hand or worn on the user's head so that the microphone is in position to pick up the user's voice and the speaker is near the user's ear. A telephone receiver can be connected to an instance of TelephoneBody via a telephone cord or a wireless connection. It may or may not include a telephone keypad for dialing and other functions. telephone receiver passive sonar The collection of devices used for passively listening to noises in the water. This type of sonar is often employed by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3T0xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Submarine_Military</a> to avoid detection inherent in using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwF9B8ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActiveSonar_Device</a>. PassiveSonar-Device The collection of all public address systems. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuqsVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SystemOfDevices_Communications</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjbdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AudioSystem</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwILcaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PublicAddressSystem</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rejmDbrF_QdeIENT1qpbYzQ" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a>. public address system PublicAddressSystem <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm (CollectionDifferenceFn HumanScaleObject SpaceInAHOC) human-scale object that is not an indoor space A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object ManufacturedGoods product The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s that are made or processed in large-scale industrial operations for distribution (normally sale) to agents outside the manufacturing organization. This includes manufactured stuff, e.g. Finlandia vodka; refined ore, e.g. iron; otherwise procesed natural material, e.g. cut diamonds, as well as manufactured objects. This collection excludes handicrafts; privately made stuff, e.g. moonshine; and other artifacts produced by one or a few people on a small scale. product type The collection of all types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things that are usually/frequently commercially manufactured. This is context dependent. ManufacturedGoodsType The collection of all computer sound boxes. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkK9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerOutputDevice</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerSoundBox</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9Bn5KmkeEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">ComputerHardwareDeviceType</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>. computer sound box ComputerSoundBox The electrical component used to transform sound into electrical signals Microphone microphone The electrical component used to transform sound into electrical signals Microphone microphone (CollectionIntersection2Fn VibrationThroughAMediumSensor Sensor-Device) vibration sensor that is also a sensor (EquipmentTypeForEventTypeFn KaraokeEvent) equipment for karaoke Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString kind of artifact not distinguished by brand or model An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwO3H5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtifactType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rejmDbrF_QdeIENT1qpbYzQ" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s grouped together according to some feature(s) other than brand or model. ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory The electrical component used to transform sound into electrical signals Microphone microphone A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectricalDevice</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVid6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalPartOfObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectricalComponent</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectricalDevice</a> which is normally considered to be a part of some larger, more clearly distinguished <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a> (for example, clearly distinguished in the sense that it is sold or moved as a unit). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectricalComponent</a> must be connected with other parts in order to perform its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-lujZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">primaryFunction</a>. electrical component ElectricalComponent portable object A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanScaleObject</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortableObject</a> is a tangible object that is not "fastened down" and is light enough for an average human (or, more to the point, for its average intended user) to move easily. For many instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortableObject</a>, portability is important for the fulfillment of their primary functions; for example, an article of clothing (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingToWear</a>), a hand-guided tool (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVig-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HandTool</a>), a coin or dollar bill (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a>), or a flashlight (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjc1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Flashlight</a>) would be pretty useless if they weren't portable. In other cases, making a device portable, or making a portable version of a device, simply provides a convenience, as with the subcollections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPvPDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortableTelevision</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortableStereoSystem</a>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPznZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tool</a> is not a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortableObject</a>, since many tools are heavy and/or stationary. A borderline example of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortableObject</a> would be a heart/lung machine; although the beneficiary of its primary function is in no position to move it around, the physicians and nurses who also are "using" it can and do exactly that. The same goes for a playpen; the kids in it had better not be able to move it around, but the adults who set it up and put them there can and do move it. A borderline non-example would be a car; even though its user can make it move around, that is more a controlling action than a transporting action -- i.e., the car is doing the transporting in that case, not the driver. A borderline example is a cat; even though it moves under its own power, it is light enough for its owner to pick it up and move it around. A borderline example is a bed or a dresser; though too heavy to lift, its owners can generally move it around (by sliding, disassembling and reassembling, and so on). PortableObject The electrical component used to transform sound into electrical signals Microphone microphone A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). spatially disjoint object type SpatiallyDisjointObjectType