]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> is an event in which an agent or group of agents gathers information about a particular subject, with the aim of learning things about that subject that the agent or agents did not previously know. In some cases, the agents in question (e.g., professional scientists) aim to learn things that no one knows, in other cases the agents (e.g., high school students) merely aim to find published knowledge which they did not know before. In some cases research may involve doing experiments (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCT3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Experimenting</a>) or building systems (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchProject</a>), in other cases it may involve strictly document search. research Research http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research will have investigated have investigated investigated investigates had investigated has investigated will investigate investigate investigating The collection of all nuclear programs. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a>. (ResearchingAndDevelopingFn NuclearRelatedMaterial) nuclear program (ResearchInFn Medicine-FieldOfStudy) medical research (ResearchInFn Chemistry) chemistry research cultural scenario evaluation A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Evaluating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryF4SpCrzEdqAAAACs6hcqg" class="cyc_term">CulturalScenarioEvaluationProcess</a> is an event in which a person assesses the way that cultural norms are likely to bear on the development of a situation. Often a person undertakes such an assessment in order to determine how to act in a planned cross-cultural encounter. CulturalScenarioEvaluationProcess ResearchProject The collection of all research projects. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViqMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Project</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchProject</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>. research project IntelligenceAnalysisProcess A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rUbnhurESEdmAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">IntelligenceActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2wRN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligenceAnalysisProcess</a> is an event in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqJUa6LrMEdaAAAACs6Mw3A" class="cyc_term">IntelligenceAnalyst</a> gathers and analyzes information for intelligence purposes. intelligence process astronomy research (ResearchInFn Astronomy) Experimenting experiment A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyNKs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CheckingWhetherConditionObtains</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCT3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Experimenting</a> is an event in which one performs tests to determine whether an hypothesis is true. The tests in question need not be empirical in nature (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDQUKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThoughtExperimenting</a>). For the common case in which the tests in question are empirical, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpn20LpMOQdia88KlGQNFDg" class="cyc_term">Experimenting_Empirical</a>. FinancialAnalysisProcess This constant is currently a stub. financial analysis process meteorology research (ResearchInFn Meteorology) vetting A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFqT0-GCzQdiOn6DlmENs1Q" class="cyc_term">VettingASource</a> is an event in which a researcher attempts to ascertain how authoritative or reliable a source of information is. A common technique for vetting a source is getting expert opinions about its authoritativeness. VettingASource neurobiological research (ResearchInFn (FieldAppliedToFn Biology NervousSystem)) A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> is an event in which an agent or group of agents gathers information about a particular subject, with the aim of learning things about that subject that the agent or agents did not previously know. In some cases, the agents in question (e.g., professional scientists) aim to learn things that no one knows, in other cases the agents (e.g., high school students) merely aim to find published knowledge which they did not know before. In some cases research may involve doing experiments (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCT3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Experimenting</a>) or building systems (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchProject</a>), in other cases it may involve strictly document search. research Research A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> is an event in which an agent or group of agents gathers information about a particular subject, with the aim of learning things about that subject that the agent or agents did not previously know. In some cases, the agents in question (e.g., professional scientists) aim to learn things that no one knows, in other cases the agents (e.g., high school students) merely aim to find published knowledge which they did not know before. In some cases research may involve doing experiments (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCT3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Experimenting</a>) or building systems (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchProject</a>), in other cases it may involve strictly document search. research Research AppliedResearchAndDevelopment applied research and development The collection of all applied research and development. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGGsQIeqUEdqTjAACs6hPlA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgentActivity</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3qqonGlJQdefoe8SfDwpuw" class="cyc_term">AppliedResearchAndDevelopment</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjjX5zJg3EdaAAACgycbQqA" class="cyc_term">IterativeSituationType</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> is an event in which an agent or group of agents gathers information about a particular subject, with the aim of learning things about that subject that the agent or agents did not previously know. In some cases, the agents in question (e.g., professional scientists) aim to learn things that no one knows, in other cases the agents (e.g., high school students) merely aim to find published knowledge which they did not know before. In some cases research may involve doing experiments (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCT3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Experimenting</a>) or building systems (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchProject</a>), in other cases it may involve strictly document search. research Research <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm Concept Nodes For Task Type Fn intelligence analysis task (ConceptNodesForTaskTypeFn IntelligenceAnalysisTask-Allotment) organizations by function organization topic OrganizationsByFunction-Organization-Topic A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> is an event in which an agent or group of agents gathers information about a particular subject, with the aim of learning things about that subject that the agent or agents did not previously know. In some cases, the agents in question (e.g., professional scientists) aim to learn things that no one knows, in other cases the agents (e.g., high school students) merely aim to find published knowledge which they did not know before. In some cases research may involve doing experiments (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCT3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Experimenting</a>) or building systems (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchProject</a>), in other cases it may involve strictly document search. research Research A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> is an event in which an agent or group of agents gathers information about a particular subject, with the aim of learning things about that subject that the agent or agents did not previously know. In some cases, the agents in question (e.g., professional scientists) aim to learn things that no one knows, in other cases the agents (e.g., high school students) merely aim to find published knowledge which they did not know before. In some cases research may involve doing experiments (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCT3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Experimenting</a>) or building systems (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchProject</a>), in other cases it may involve strictly document search. research Research type of temporally stuff-like thing that is also a type of durative event A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> is the collection intersection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>; that is, a thing is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> if and only if it is an instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> can be constructed from instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv48ocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccomplishmentType</a> using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0VWpmNnEQdiJDq0mDlTBkQ" class="cyc_term">ProcessFn</a> (q.v.). ProcessType local authority search A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ServiceEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Evaluating</a>. Instances are events in which a lawyer does research to determine whether there are any development plans that might impact those living in a given area. This service enables a home-buyer to make an informed decision as to whether s/he should purchase a particular property. LocalAuthoritySearch Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> is an event in which an agent or group of agents gathers information about a particular subject, with the aim of learning things about that subject that the agent or agents did not previously know. In some cases, the agents in question (e.g., professional scientists) aim to learn things that no one knows, in other cases the agents (e.g., high school students) merely aim to find published knowledge which they did not know before. In some cases research may involve doing experiments (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCT3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Experimenting</a>) or building systems (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchProject</a>), in other cases it may involve strictly document search. research Research type of cumulative event A collection of collections. Each instance of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is an event. Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is a collection with the following property of 'cumulativity': if PROCESS-COL is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a>, and PROCESS-1 and PROCESS-2 are instances of PROCESS-COL, then the minimal event containing PROCESS-1 and PROCESS-2 (that is, (#$EventSumFn PROCESS-1 PROCESS-2)) is also an instance of PROCESS-COL. CumulativeEventType Collection of all instances of human inquiry where what is being sought is a deeper understanding of the nature of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>. The subject of investigation could in principle be any one of a wide variety of entities: a philosophical problem, a criminal act, a natural phenomenon, etc.. The phenomenon under investigation may be actual or merely putative within the context of the representation. Also, the nature of the thing being investigated may be substantially different from what the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwI27qJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">investigatingAgent</a> believes it to be. investigation Investigation