]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV7TOhK5EduAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">InformalLanguage</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is a language that is used for human communication, and which has evolved naturally. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is thus disjoint with <font color="#ff0000">#$ArtificialLanguage</font>. Instances include dead languages such as Ancient Greek and Latin; but concocted languages such as Esperanto are not included. natural language NaturalLanguage http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language natural languages the Eskimo-Aleut language family Eskimo-AleutLanguageFamily Circumpolar languages ranging from Greenland westward to Siberia pidgin language The collection of all pidgin languages. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfatm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PidginLanguage</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjy9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LanguageGroupingType</a>. PidginLanguage the Uralic and Altaic language family UralicAndAltaicLanguageFamily Languages scattered across Asia from eastern Europe to the Pacific ProtoLanguage protolanguage The collection of all protolanguages. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. Macro-Chibchan language The collection of all Macro-Chibchan languages. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVifg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Macro_ChibchanLanguageFamily</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LanguageFamilyType</a>. Macro-ChibchanLanguageFamily DeadLanguageInUse The collection of all revived languages (erstwhile dead languages that are again in use). A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQuEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeadLanguageInUse</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjy9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LanguageGroupingType</a>. revived language language isolate LanguageIsolate 'Singleton' languages seemingly unrelated to any others Amerindian languages spoken in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkAiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mexico</a> and Central America Macro-Otomanguean language family Macro-OtomangueanLanguageFamily the Dravidian language family DravidianLanguageFamily languages of the probably aboriginal dark peoples of southern <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7XJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">India</a>, unrelated to Hindi, etc. the Ge-Pano-Carib language family Ge-Pano-CaribLanguageFamily The collection of all the Ge-Pano-Carib language family. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ge_Pano_CaribLanguageFamily</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LanguageFamilyType</a>. Sino-TibetanLanguageFamily Various kinds of Chinese and its relatives the Sino-Tibetan language family the Niger-Kordofanian language family Languages spoken in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViKUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sudan</a>, south and central Africa, and west Africa below the Sahara Niger-KordofanianLanguageFamily CaucasianLanguageFamily Languages indigenous to southwest Asiatic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Russia</a> the Caucasian language family Andean-EquatorialLanguageFamily the Andean-Equatorial language family Amerindian languages spoken mainly in South America dead language DeadLanguage A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViiqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeadLanguage</a> is a natural language that is no longer spoken as a native language (though written texts may survive and continue to be interpretable -- as is the case with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBy-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatinLanguage</a>). Amerindian languages spoken widely in North America Hokan-SiouanLanguageFamily the Hokan-Siouan language family the Aztec-Tanoan language family Aztec-TanoanLanguageFamily Amerindian languages spoken in western North America and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkAiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mexico</a> Amerindian languages, generally from mid-continent northwards the Algonquian-Wakashan language family Algonquian-WakashanLanguageFamily PapuanLanguageGrouping a necessary tho unsystematic indication of some/ sort or sorts of Papuan language papuan language the Penutian language family PenutianLanguageFamily The collection of all the Penutian language family. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PenutianLanguageFamily</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LanguageFamilyType</a>. dialect Related languages, so closely related they are really parts of the same language LanguageDialect CreoleLanguage languages based on a "combination" of 2 or more others; pidgins are 2nd languages for their speakers, creoles are mother tongues Creole the Na-Dene language family NadeneLanguageFamily The collection of all the Na-Dene language family. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NadeneLanguageFamily</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LanguageFamilyType</a>. Indo-EuropeanLanguageFamily the Indo-European language family A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LanguageFamilyType</a> that is commonly spoken on all six populated continents. It has eleven sub-families and most languages familiar to Americans are of this language family. the Austronesian language family indigenous languages of most islands of the Pacific. AustronesianLanguageFamily the Australian language family AustralianLanguageFamily The collection of the numerous aboriginal languages of Australia, now believed to be genetically related. AfroasiaticLanguageFamily group of languages indigenous to the Near East and northeast Africa the Afro-Asiatic language family The collection of all the Nilo-Saharan language family. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nilo_SaharanLanguageFamily</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LanguageFamilyType</a>. the Nilo-Saharan language family Nilo-SaharanLanguageFamily the Khoisan language family KhoisanLanguageFamily A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LivingLanguage</a> just in case it has at least one extant native speaker. living language LivingLanguage Languages of Indo-China the Austro-Asiatic language family AustroasiaticLanguageFamily The natural language: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. the natural language (The NaturalLanguage) A member of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViEFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Niger_CongoLanguageFamily</a>. Gan GanLanguage HawaiianPidginLanguage A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfatm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PidginLanguage</a> spoken in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEFGhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HawaiianIslands</a>. Hawaiian A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a>. A language is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV7TOhK5EduAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">InformalLanguage</a> if and only if it is <i>not</i> a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8zbW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FormalLanguage</a>; i.e. not specified or created by some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEr4JpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FormalGrammar_CW</a> (q.v.). A prime specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. Note that an <font color="#ff0000">#$ArtificialLanguage</font> (q.v.) might be formal or informal. InformalLanguage informal language NaturalLanguage natural language A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV7TOhK5EduAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">InformalLanguage</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is a language that is used for human communication, and which has evolved naturally. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is thus disjoint with <font color="#ff0000">#$ArtificialLanguage</font>. Instances include dead languages such as Ancient Greek and Latin; but concocted languages such as Esperanto are not included. ObjectType The collection of all collections that are &quot;object-like&quot; in at least one respect. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is <i>not</i> itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>; when this happens <code><b>COL</b></code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code><b>PARTPRED</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<b>PARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> does <i>not</i> hold. (Also sufficient for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code><b>INVPARTPRED</b></code> of the <i>inverse</i> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(<b>INVPARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>OBJ1</b>)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in <i>nearly</i> all cases, <code><b>COL</b></code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is <i>not</i> an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ret7qgOKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">ConceptTypeByDomain</a>. Generally speaking, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r46fYpnaNEduAAAACs6hbjw" class="cyc_term">Analyst_PertinentConcept</a> are concepts and relations such as are used by intelligence analysts reasoning about threat situations. Specifically, all core concepts in this domain (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgycE6OKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">coreConceptOfDomain</a>) are either 1) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 2) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 3:)<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 4) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 5) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyTLHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argGenl</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, or 6) concepts or relations that are instances of instances of <font color="#ff0000">#$TKBInterfaceCollection</font>. Analyst-PertinentConcept the intelligence analyst reasoning domain NaturalLanguage natural language A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV7TOhK5EduAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">InformalLanguage</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is a language that is used for human communication, and which has evolved naturally. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is thus disjoint with <font color="#ff0000">#$ArtificialLanguage</font>. Instances include dead languages such as Ancient Greek and Latin; but concocted languages such as Esperanto are not included. NaturalLanguage natural language A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV7TOhK5EduAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">InformalLanguage</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is a language that is used for human communication, and which has evolved naturally. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is thus disjoint with <font color="#ff0000">#$ArtificialLanguage</font>. Instances include dead languages such as Ancient Greek and Latin; but concocted languages such as Esperanto are not included. Linguistic-Topic linguistic-topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <font color="#ff0000">#$KRAKEN</font> application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KE clarifying collection type KEClarifyingCollectionType NaturalLanguage natural language A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV7TOhK5EduAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">InformalLanguage</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is a language that is used for human communication, and which has evolved naturally. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is thus disjoint with <font color="#ff0000">#$ArtificialLanguage</font>. Instances include dead languages such as Ancient Greek and Latin; but concocted languages such as Esperanto are not included. human language A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a>. Each instance of this collection is a language that is used by human communities for communication. This collection differs from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> in that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a> may be purposefully created, while <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>s evolve without a purposeful creation process. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a> thus include not only many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>s, but also made-up languages like Esperanto and many (non-natural) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-Tl2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SignLanguage</a>s. HumanLanguage NaturalLanguage natural language A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV7TOhK5EduAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">InformalLanguage</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is a language that is used for human communication, and which has evolved naturally. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is thus disjoint with <font color="#ff0000">#$ArtificialLanguage</font>. Instances include dead languages such as Ancient Greek and Latin; but concocted languages such as Esperanto are not included.