]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. type of person classified by geographical residence PersonTypeByGeographicResidence A collection of collections. This collection exists to make it easier to refer to that dimension or facet of a person's behavior, attitudes, and beliefs (culture) which derives from, or is influenced by, the person's residence in a distinct geographical region. This facet of culture is slightly different from that which derives from a person's rights and obligations relative to some geo-political entity. For that, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqjUrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByGeoPoliticalAffiliation</a>. types of person classified by geographical residence resident of the Gaza Strip (ResidentFn GazaStrip) (ResidentFn UnitedStatesOfAmerica) US resident North American The collection of people who are citizens of, or otherwise by status under the jurisdiction of, a country or other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> whose territory is located in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfNorthAmerica</a>. A person native to an area of North America not under the jurisdiction of any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> would also be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2FJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NorthAmericanCitizenOrSubject</a>. NorthAmericanCitizenOrSubject Asian (ResidentFn ContinentOfAsia) resident of Texas (ResidentFn Texas-State) BritishAntarcticTerritoryPerson A person who is an BritishAntarcticTerritory resident British Antarctic Territory resident (ResidentFn ContinentOfNorthAmerica) The collection of all North Americans. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a>. North American A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4n5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GreekPerson</a>. Each instance is a resident of Lesbos. (ResidentFn Lesbos-Island-Greece) lesbian South American (ResidentFn ContinentOfSouthAmerica) Australian The collection of people who are citizens of, or otherwise by status under the jurisdiction of, a country or other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> whose territory is located on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9tl95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAustralia</a>. A person native to an area of Australia not under the jurisdiction of any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> would also be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjxIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AustralianCitizenOrSubject</a>. Since 1901 such people are citizens, or by status under the jurisdiction, of the Commonwealth of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Australia</a>. AustralianCitizenOrSubject The collection of residents of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5ZZPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BedfordshireCounty_England</a>. Bedfordshire County resident BedfordshireCountyResident Texan Texan People living in the state of Texas (ResidentFn (SouthernRegionFn Sudan)) resident of Southern Sudan (ResidentFn Bosnia-Herzegovina) resident of Bosnia-Herzegovina African (ResidentFn ContinentOfAfrica) (ResidentFn Canada) Canadian resident The collection of people who are citizens of, or otherwise by status under the jurisdiction of, a country or other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> whose territory is located in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjddJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfEurope</a>. A person native to an area of Europe not under the jurisdiction of any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> would also be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EuropeanCitizenOrSubject</a>. EuropeanCitizenOrSubject European (ResidentFn UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland) British resident A person who is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QuemoyAndMatsuIslands</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">citizens</a>, or participates in its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4VbZRgIxQdeJv7K4QRyNQg" class="cyc_term">NationalCulture</a>. quemoy and matsu islands person QuemoyAndMatsuIslandsPerson SouthAmericanCitizenOrSubject The collection of people who are citizens of, or otherwise by status under the jurisdiction of, a country or other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> whose territory is located in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkAS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfSouthAmerica</a>. A person native to an area of South America not under the jurisdiction of any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> would also be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1bZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SouthAmericanCitizenOrSubject</a>. South American resident of California (ResidentFn California-State) The collection of people who are citizens of, or otherwise by status under the jurisdiction of, a country or other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> whose territory is located in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjtJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAfrica</a>. A person native to an area of Africa not under the jurisdiction of any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> would also be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkD1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AfricanCitizenOrSubject</a>. African AfricanCitizenOrSubject AsianCitizenOrSubject Asian The collection of people who are citizens of, or otherwise by status under the jurisdiction of, a country or other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> whose territory is located in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAsia</a>. A person native to an area of Asia not under the jurisdiction of any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> would also be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVigfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AsianCitizenOrSubject</a>. (ResidentFn CityOfNewYorkNY) resident of New York City RyukyuIslandsPerson ryukyu islands person This is the collection of people who are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">citizens</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkKapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RyukyuIslandsTerritory</a>, or participate in its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4VbZRgIxQdeJv7K4QRyNQg" class="cyc_term">NationalCulture</a>. The collection of all Californians. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesPerson</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rP9hG4CwaEdiUggAH6RYvSQ" class="cyc_term">Californian</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_ZQbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByGeographicResidence</a>. resident of California Californian (ResidentFn CityOfAthensGreece) Athenian A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>. Each instance is a resident of Athens. Australian (ResidentFn ContinentOfAustralia) European (ResidentFn ContinentOfEurope) type of person classified by geographical residence PersonTypeByGeographicResidence A collection of collections. This collection exists to make it easier to refer to that dimension or facet of a person's behavior, attitudes, and beliefs (culture) which derives from, or is influenced by, the person's residence in a distinct geographical region. This facet of culture is slightly different from that which derives from a person's rights and obligations relative to some geo-political entity. For that, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqjUrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByGeoPoliticalAffiliation</a>. The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType A collection of collections. Each instance <code><b>COL</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqEYnNVMqEdaSKAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType</a> (<i>ANECT</i>) is a collection satisfying three conditions: (1) <code><b>COL</b></code> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, (2) every instance <code><b>INST</b></code> of <code><b>COL</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> essentially (i.e. <code><b>INST</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>, and could not exist without being an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>), and (3) condition (2) is a necessary truth about <code><b>COL</b></code>. <p/> Positive examples of ANECTs include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (each of which is a collection of atemporals and is such that, necessarily, all of its instances are in it essentially). Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (though arguably it is necessary that all of its instances are essentially instances of it, it is not disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4FM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UniqueAnatomicalPartType</a> (which, though disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, has instances, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, that could exist even if they weren't instances of it; e.g. it might have been the case that every creature with a heart had at least two hearts). There are no known examples of Cyc-reified collections satisfying conditions (1) and (2) but not (3), but one can be contrived. Suppose that all of today's winning lottery numbers were primes. Now consider the collection: <p/> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrhK-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrimeNumber</a> <i>TodaysWinningLotteryNumbers</i>)) <p/> This collection is clearly disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> and, by hypothesis, all of its instances are in it essentially (as each prime number is essentially a prime number). But this last fact is not <i>necessarily</i> true of this collection: the collection might have had instances that belonged to it only contingently (i.e. not essentially), as it might have been the case that one of today's winning lottery numbers was non-prime, and no number is such that it is essentially one of today's winning lottery numbers. <p/> When asserting that something is an instance or specialization of a given instance of ANECT, it is appropriate to do so in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3_SgQU2iEdaCwAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">UniversalVocabularyMt</a> (q.v.). Indeed, ANECT was specially defined to facilitate the movement of appropriate assertions to that microtheory. <p/> Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGeylLJTfEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection</a>. type of atemporal collection in which membership is necessarily essential type of person classified by geographical residence PersonTypeByGeographicResidence A collection of collections. This collection exists to make it easier to refer to that dimension or facet of a person's behavior, attitudes, and beliefs (culture) which derives from, or is influenced by, the person's residence in a distinct geographical region. This facet of culture is slightly different from that which derives from a person's rights and obligations relative to some geo-political entity. For that, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqjUrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByGeoPoliticalAffiliation</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> is a collection-type that &quot;facets&quot; -- i.e. stands in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> (q.v.) relation to -- another collection. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AutomobileTypeByBrand</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rANFO8Ec-EdaEKABQ2sS97g" class="cyc_term">MusicTypeByGenre</a>, which facet <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Music</a>, respectively. faceting collection type FacetingCollectionType FacetInstanceCollection facet collection A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1fLiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetInstanceCollection</a> is a collection that is an instance of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> (q.v.). For example, the facet-instance-collection (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBVDJsPLMQdiZD5jLVkyKUw" class="cyc_term">WineOfVintageFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjympwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YearFn</a> 1926)) is an instance of the faceting-collection-type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rWdpZhPLLQdiKEtsuZMndzQ" class="cyc_term">WineTypeByVintage</a>.