]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. ClassicalMusicalCompositionType classical music genre The collection of all formalized types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtPYApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalComposition_Classical</a>. Elements include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5FimZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Symphony</a>, <font color="#ff0000">#$ViolinConcerto</font>, and <font color="#ff0000">#$CompositionMovement-SonataForm</font>. classical music genres The collection of all individual movements that are part of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwI9uqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Multi_MovementComposition</a>s. CompositionMovement movement of a composition The collection of all classical music written in the format of a dance. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtPYApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalComposition_Classical</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOJM15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dance_ClassicalMusic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwSmVfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassicalMusicalCompositionTypeByMusicalForm</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcNktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassicalMusicalCompositionType</a>. dance classical music Dance-ClassicalMusic The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtPYApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalComposition_Classical</a>s with a clear soloist or solists, and another performer or set of performers whose role is to accompany the soloist. Does not include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgA4kZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChamberMusicComposition</a>s, where the performers have roughly equal roles, or works for single performers (i.e., instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcjl3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompositionForSoloInstrument</a>), which do not have a separate accompaniment. composition with soloist and accompaniment CompositionWithSoloistAndAccompaniment Opera-CW The collection of all operas. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBCjbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassicalVocalComposition</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuYOr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrchestralComposition</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcOKYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Opera_CW</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwSmVfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassicalMusicalCompositionTypeByMusicalForm</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcNktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassicalMusicalCompositionType</a>. opera The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtPYApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalComposition_Classical</a>s scored for voices, with or without accompaniment. vocal work ClassicalVocalComposition CompositionForSoloInstrument The collection of all classical works for a single solo instrument, without accompaniment. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcjl3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompositionForSoloInstrument</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcNktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassicalMusicalCompositionType</a>. composition for solo instrument orchestral work The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtPYApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalComposition_Classical</a>s scored for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjq95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Orchestra</a>, with or without soloist(s). OrchestralComposition Single-MovementComposition The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtPYApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalComposition_Classical</a>s that are not subdivided into separate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvckFMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompositionMovement</a>s. single movement composition ChamberMusicComposition The collection of all chamber music compositions - works for between 2 and about 8 instruments, each with its own part. chamber music multi-movement composition The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtPYApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalComposition_Classical</a>s that consist of two or more movements. Individual movements are like compositions in their own right, often separated by pauses and in different keys, but they are not typically performed except as a part of the larger composition, and audiences are expected not to interrupt the performance by clapping in between movements. Multi-MovementComposition StringQuartetComposition-CW The collection of all string quartet music compositions -- works usually scored for four solo string instruments, usually two violins, one viola and one cello. string quartet composition symphony The collection of all symphonies - orchestral works in more than one movement, without soloists except those sitting as members of the orchestra. Unlike earlier suites and concerti grossi, most movements of a symphony are not based on dance forms. Notable examples include those of <font color="#ff0000">#$FranzJosephHaydn</font>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQw-i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GustavMahler</a>, and many composers in between. Symphony Concerto concerto The collection of all concertos, a common form of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwcWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassicalMusic</a> in which one or more soloists is accompanied by an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjq95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Orchestra</a>. The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection ClassicalMusicalCompositionType classical music genre The collection of all formalized types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtPYApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalComposition_Classical</a>. Elements include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5FimZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Symphony</a>, <font color="#ff0000">#$ViolinConcerto</font>, and <font color="#ff0000">#$CompositionMovement-SonataForm</font>. ClassicalMusicalCompositionType classical music genre The collection of all formalized types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtPYApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalComposition_Classical</a>. Elements include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5FimZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Symphony</a>, <font color="#ff0000">#$ViolinConcerto</font>, and <font color="#ff0000">#$CompositionMovement-SonataForm</font>. ObjectType The collection of all collections that are &quot;object-like&quot; in at least one respect. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is <i>not</i> itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>; when this happens <code><b>COL</b></code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code><b>PARTPRED</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<b>PARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> does <i>not</i> hold. (Also sufficient for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code><b>INVPARTPRED</b></code> of the <i>inverse</i> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(<b>INVPARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>OBJ1</b>)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in <i>nearly</i> all cases, <code><b>COL</b></code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is <i>not</i> an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString ClassicalMusicalCompositionType classical music genre The collection of all formalized types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtPYApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalComposition_Classical</a>. Elements include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5FimZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Symphony</a>, <font color="#ff0000">#$ViolinConcerto</font>, and <font color="#ff0000">#$CompositionMovement-SonataForm</font>.