]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. superhero Superhero The class of fictitious people who perform superhuman feats of strength, bravery or daring. Often such heroes possess special, non-human powers, such as x-ray vision or powers of unassisted flight. In some cases no such superpowers are necessary, as in the case of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlbjDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Batman</a>. In their general conception, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcyOaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Superhero</a>es are conceived of as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtwAoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vigilante</a> crime-fighters superheroes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhero X-Man X-Man The class of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQLZlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mutant</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcyOaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Superhero</a>es in the Marvel universe, including characters such as the Beast, Cyclops and Wolverine. Batman Batman The hard-boiled <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcyOaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Superhero</a> created by Bob Kane for Detective Comics in 1939. Also known as the 'dark knight' or, more camply, the 'caped crusader'. Batman's alterego is Bruce Wayne, a spoiled socialite and Playboy. Batman fights crime in Gotham City, a thinly veiled fictional counterpart of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfNewYorkNY</a>. Robin-BatmanSidekick Robin Spiderman The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcyOaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Superhero</a> from the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMeg6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComicBookSeries</a> created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko in 1961. Spiderman's first appearance was in the last issue, no. 15, of Amazing Fantasy. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNyqV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spiderman</a> created a trend in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMeg6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComicBookSeries</a> that represented a move away from the glossy froth of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmkYYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Superman</a> toward a more realistic consideration of a character's personality and social milieu. Spidey obtained his superpowers after being bitten by a radioactive spider, causing him to exhibit the proportional strength of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spider</a>. He uses home-made 'web-shooters' to extrude long strands of a synthetic web-substance at high speed, and uses these strands to fly through the cityscape in a Tarzan/vine-like manner. Spiderman Superman Superman The boy-scout-like superhero created by Siegel and Schuster for Action Comics in 1938. Also known as the 'man of steel'. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmkYYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Superman</a>'s alterego is Clark Kent, a bumbling reporter for the Daily Planet newspaper. Superman fights crime in Metropolis, a thinly veiled fictional counterpart of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfNewYorkNY</a>. the Flash TheFlash Tarzan Tarzan The feral <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcyOaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Superhero</a> created by Edgar Rice Burroughs. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwB63BpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tarzan</a> is a white male stranded in the rain forest since birth and raised by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVicmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ape</a>s. Consequently, he is frequently referred to as an 'ape man' or 'lord of the apes'. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwB63BpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tarzan</a>'s given birthname is Lord Greystoke, born as he was into an aristocratic English family. His female mate is lady Jane Porter. In the books of Edgar Rice Burroughs, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwB63BpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tarzan</a> was an eloquent hero in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzoMs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nietzschean_Superman</a> mold. In the movies of the 1950s and 1960s he is instead portrayed as a monosyllabic brute. (Asserted by Veale 5/12/99.) IntelligentAgent intelligent agent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu__KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationStore</a> (qq.v.). An agent is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> if and only if it is capable of knowing and acting, and capable of employing its knowledge in its actions. An intelligent agent typically <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkDi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">knowsAbout</a> certain things, and its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">beliefs</a> concerning those things influences its actions. As with agents generally, an intelligent agent might either be a single individual, such as a person, or a group consisting of two or more individual agents, such as a business or government organization. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViknpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZbbuIoGbQdeH0rnP7Ube6Q" class="cyc_term">MultiIndividualAgent_Intelligent</a>. Note that non-human <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a>s that are sentient and somewhat intelligent, such as (arguably) cats and horses, can be considered intelligent agents in some contexts. fictional thing FictionalThing The collection of all objects that are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>s (beings, magical artifacts, spells, etc.) in fictional works but not extant in the world modeled by the KB in which something is asserted to be an instance of this. This collection should have no instances in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BaseKB</a> or other general microtheories, but be restricted to microtheories dealing with the "real world" or some fictional world. Note that instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEQWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FictionalContext</a> or stories about <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwwBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FictionalThing</a>s are not themselves <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwwBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FictionalThing</a>s, unless they are only defined as existing in some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEQWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FictionalContext</a>. A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object superhero Superhero The class of fictitious people who perform superhuman feats of strength, bravery or daring. Often such heroes possess special, non-human powers, such as x-ray vision or powers of unassisted flight. In some cases no such superpowers are necessary, as in the case of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlbjDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Batman</a>. In their general conception, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcyOaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Superhero</a>es are conceived of as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtwAoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vigilante</a> crime-fighters superhero Superhero The class of fictitious people who perform superhuman feats of strength, bravery or daring. Often such heroes possess special, non-human powers, such as x-ray vision or powers of unassisted flight. In some cases no such superpowers are necessary, as in the case of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlbjDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Batman</a>. In their general conception, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcyOaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Superhero</a>es are conceived of as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtwAoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vigilante</a> crime-fighters superhero Superhero The class of fictitious people who perform superhuman feats of strength, bravery or daring. Often such heroes possess special, non-human powers, such as x-ray vision or powers of unassisted flight. In some cases no such superpowers are necessary, as in the case of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlbjDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Batman</a>. In their general conception, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcyOaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Superhero</a>es are conceived of as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtwAoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vigilante</a> crime-fighters A subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>, the collection of all animals which have a mind and are capable of conscious thought, or at least are best treated as such if you have to deal with them. sentient animal SentientAnimal Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYbXiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType QA clarifying collection type