]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The collection of nation-states in the Western region of Europe. Western European country WesternEuropeanCountry Western European nations Western European nation Western European countries Iceland <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViKbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Iceland</a> is a country in the North Atlantic Ocean, which occupies <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOvhjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Iceland_TheIsland</a>. Iceland Luxembourg The nation of Luxembourg as it has existed throughout time; includes both its physical and its political aspects. Luxembourg the Federal Republic of Germany WestGermany The nation of WestGermany as it has existed throughout time; includes both its physical and its political aspects. Austria Austria: a medium-sized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>, land-locked in Western Europe. As with all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>, this is Austria as a country qua political and historical entity (and also qua geographical entity in "dualist" microtheories). Austria Greece Greece, an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a> in the south of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjddJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfEurope</a>, consisting primarily of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Peninsula</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Island</a>s. The main part of the territory of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8BJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Greece</a> divides the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVis2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AdriaticSea</a> from the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AegeanSea</a>. This constant refers to the nation of Greece as it has existed throughout time, and in a "dualist" microtheory includes its physical aspects, as well. Greece The nation of France, a medium-sized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>. As with all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>, this term denotes France as a country qua geographical, qua political, and qua historical entity. Unlike other nations, France directly includes some overseas possessions. France France UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, (often referred to as "the United Kingdom", or "The UK"), an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a> off the northwest coast of Europe consisting of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">England</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Scotland</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wales</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NorthernIreland</a>. It technically excludes the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IsleOfMan_Island</a> and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChannelIslands</a>, which are realms of the British monarch. As with all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>, this is the UK as a country qua political and historical entity (and also qua geographical entity in "dualist" microtheories). Monaco Monaco The nation of Monaco as it has existed throughout time; includes both its physical and its political aspects. Spain Spain Spain, a medium-sized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a> in the southwest of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjddJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfEurope</a>. As with all instances of IndependentCountry, this is Spain as a country qua political and historical entity (and also qua geographical entity in "dualist" microtheories). Denmark The nation of Denmark as it has existed throughout time; includes both its physical and its political aspects. Denmark Italy, a medium-sized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a> in the south of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjddJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfEurope</a>. The territory of the Italian mainland is a boot-shaped peninsula in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjs6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MediterraneanSea</a>, dividing the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TyrrhenianSea</a> from the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVis2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AdriaticSea</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVihpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sardinia</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVifXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sicily</a> are major Italian islands. As with all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>, this term denotes Italy as a country qua geographical, qua political, and qua historical entity. Italy Italy A country in northern Europe. Finland Finland San Marino SanMarino The nation of San Marino as it has existed throughout time; includes both its political and (in ``dualist'' mts) physical aspects. This country claims to be the oldest state in Europe. Liechtenstein The nation of Liechtenstein as it has existed throughout time; includes both its physical and its political aspects. Liechtenstein Germany Germany, a medium-sized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a> in the north of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjddJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfEurope</a>. As with all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>, this is Germany as a country qua political and historical entity (and also qua geographical entity in "dualist" microtheories). Germany The Netherlands, a small <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a> in the west of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjddJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfEurope</a>. The Kingdom of the Netherlands has some colonial island possessions in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CaribbeanSea</a>. This constant includes the nation of Netherlands as it has existed throughout time, including both its physical and its political aspects. Netherlands Holland The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhJl7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrincipalityOfSealand</a> is a tiny country founded on an artificial island in the North Sea in 1968 by Paddy Roy Bates, who became <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvz3WOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrinceRoyOfSealand</a>. It is on a former World War II anti-aircraft platform off the coast of Harwich, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">England</a>. Almost all of its thousands of citizens are non-resident. Although British courts recognize that Sealand is not British territory, and the Sealand government has actual control and sovereignty on the island, no major country recognizes the Principality diplomatically. Sealand issues coins, stamps and passports. PrincipalityOfSealand Principality of Sealand The sometimes independent <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Country</a> called Ireland. IrishRepublic Ireland A country in northern Europe. Sweden Sweden Switzerland Switzerland: a medium-sized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>, land-locked in Western Europe. As with all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>, this is Switzerland as a country qua political and historical entity (and also qua geographical entity in "dualist" microtheories). Switzerland An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Belgium</a> is a small country in northwestern Europe, bounded on the northwest by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NorthSea</a>, on the north by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Netherlands</a>, on the east by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Germany</a>, on the southeast by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Luxembourg</a>, and on the west by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6EJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">France</a>. Belgium Belgium Portugal An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkKA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Portugal</a> is a small country located on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnUtApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IberianPeninsula</a>, bounded on the east and north by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjowpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spain</a> and on the west by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkB0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtlanticOcean</a>. Portugal The Vatican City as it has existed throughout time; including its political (and in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldGeographyDualistMt</a>, physical) aspects. Vatican City VaticanCity Norway The country of Norway - both physical and political. Norway Western European country The collection of nation-states in the Western region of Europe. WesternEuropeanCountry A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object Western European country The collection of nation-states in the Western region of Europe. WesternEuropeanCountry country type by general region CountryTypeByGeneralRegion A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvubaMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConventionalClassificationType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVvBTrJhkQdiCKs3GWTcWTg" class="cyc_term">CountryTypeByGeneralRegion</a> is a collection of countries that are conventionally considered to be part of the same general region. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTAE0cHbHQdiWHuhd-UxV8g" class="cyc_term">LatinAmericanCountry</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvd8IHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternEuropeanCountry</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHaS2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MiddleEasternCountry</a>. The collection of industrialized Western nations, including the United States, Canada, and the nations of Western Europe. In general, these countries have a high level of economic and technological development and some form of representative government. For a broader collection of industrialized nations worldwide, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNJMLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndustrializedCountry</a>. Western country WesternCountry NonAbducibleCollection The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a> is a sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollection</a>. Abductive inferences sometimes involve hypothesizing the existence of entities as part of the explanation of some assertion or set of assertions. Cyc will not hypothesize the existence of instances of the collections that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a>. Roughly, abductive inferences consume conceptual / theoretical knowledge rather than produce it. So, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a> because Cyc should be employing existing theoretical knowledge about instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> rather than hypothesizing new instances. non abducible collection The collection of nation-states whose territory is solely in Europe. European country EuropeanCountry SmallCollectionOfProperlyNamedEntities Instances are collections whose extent is small (on the order of 20 instances or smaller), completely known, and instances of which are normally referred to by proper names. This class is useful for suggesting meaningful followup searches to users of search enhancement applications. small set of named entities Western European country The collection of nation-states in the Western region of Europe. WesternEuropeanCountry Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString