]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. spam Spam-UnsolicitedEMail A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgIDb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailMessage</a>. Each instance of this collection is an electronic mail message sent to many different <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailAddress</a>es on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>, often in an attempt to sell a product, and causing irritation to the recipients. For the acts of sending such mass-mailings, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTQr8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MassEMailSending</a>. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spam_%28electronic%29 spams spam Spam-UnsolicitedEMail A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgIDb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailMessage</a>. Each instance of this collection is an electronic mail message sent to many different <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailAddress</a>es on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>, often in an attempt to sell a product, and causing irritation to the recipients. For the acts of sending such mass-mailings, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTQr8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MassEMailSending</a>. ObjectType The collection of all collections that are &quot;object-like&quot; in at least one respect. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is <i>not</i> itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>; when this happens <code><b>COL</b></code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code><b>PARTPRED</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<b>PARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> does <i>not</i> hold. (Also sufficient for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code><b>INVPARTPRED</b></code> of the <i>inverse</i> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(<b>INVPARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>OBJ1</b>)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in <i>nearly</i> all cases, <code><b>COL</b></code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is <i>not</i> an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object spam Spam-UnsolicitedEMail A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgIDb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailMessage</a>. Each instance of this collection is an electronic mail message sent to many different <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailAddress</a>es on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>, often in an attempt to sell a product, and causing irritation to the recipients. For the acts of sending such mass-mailings, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTQr8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MassEMailSending</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString EMailMessage email A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFn8s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerAIS</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgIDb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailMessage</a> is the collection of all email message information structures. They are generally composed of several parts: an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailMessageText</a>, a header containing instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailAddress</a> that correspond to the sender and recipient of the message, and sometimes instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFz9L5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_AIS</a> which are attached (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu-5YpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">attachedToEMail</a>). spam Spam-UnsolicitedEMail A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgIDb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailMessage</a>. Each instance of this collection is an electronic mail message sent to many different <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailAddress</a>es on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>, often in an attempt to sell a product, and causing irritation to the recipients. For the acts of sending such mass-mailings, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTQr8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MassEMailSending</a>. spam Spam-UnsolicitedEMail A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgIDb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailMessage</a>. Each instance of this collection is an electronic mail message sent to many different <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailAddress</a>es on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>, often in an attempt to sell a product, and causing irritation to the recipients. For the acts of sending such mass-mailings, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTQr8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MassEMailSending</a>.