]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. artificial language ConstructedHumanLanguage A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a>, #$ArtificialLanguage-Informal, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkzeeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedStructuredActivity</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a> is an artificially constructed language that can be used for everyday conversation. The collection is thus disjoint with both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8zbW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FormalLanguage</a>. Note, however, that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a> might evolve over time in a more-or-less "natural" manner, despite its artificial origin. invented languages invented language constructed languages conlang artificial languages constructed language conlangs InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage international auxiliary language The language commonly used by deaf people in the United States. Note that American Sign Language is syntactically and semantically distinct from English and from various forms of 'signed English.' AmericanSignLanguage ASL BasicEnglish A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a>. Basic English IndonesianLanguage Indonesian A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LivingLanguage</a> and a member of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj3xZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternAustronesianLanguageFamily</a>: the simplified version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MalayLanguage</a> that was adopted as the lingua franca for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViy1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Indonesia_TheNation</a> upon federation. BritishSignLanguage <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU5KLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BritishSignLanguage</a> is the signed language commonly used by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1YzUknS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">DeafAnimal</a> people in the British Isles. Note that it bears little similarity to the signed language used in the United States, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTv7pJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmericanSignLanguage</a>. British Sign Language A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a>, #$ArtificialLanguage-Informal, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkzeeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedStructuredActivity</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a> is an artificially constructed language that can be used for everyday conversation. The collection is thus disjoint with both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8zbW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FormalLanguage</a>. Note, however, that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a> might evolve over time in a more-or-less "natural" manner, despite its artificial origin. ConstructedHumanLanguage artificial language A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a>. A language is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV7TOhK5EduAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">InformalLanguage</a> if and only if it is not a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8zbW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FormalLanguage</a>; i.e. not specified or created by some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEr4JpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FormalGrammar_CW</a> (q.v.). A prime specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. Note that an #$ArtificialLanguage (q.v.) might be formal or informal. InformalLanguage informal language A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a>, #$ArtificialLanguage-Informal, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkzeeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedStructuredActivity</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a> is an artificially constructed language that can be used for everyday conversation. The collection is thus disjoint with both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8zbW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FormalLanguage</a>. Note, however, that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a> might evolve over time in a more-or-less "natural" manner, despite its artificial origin. ConstructedHumanLanguage artificial language DevisedStructuredActivity devised structured activity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9p3wpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedPracticeOrWork</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkzeeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedStructuredActivity</a> is an abstraction of a largely rule-governed activity. Major specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkS9GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Game</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPySLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sport</a> -- instances of these collections are abstractions of activities that are obviously rule-governed. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString LanguageGroupingType type of language grouping An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjy9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LanguageGroupingType</a> is a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a> (q.v.). A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a>, #$ArtificialLanguage-Informal, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkzeeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedStructuredActivity</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a> is an artificially constructed language that can be used for everyday conversation. The collection is thus disjoint with both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8zbW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FormalLanguage</a>. Note, however, that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a> might evolve over time in a more-or-less "natural" manner, despite its artificial origin. ConstructedHumanLanguage artificial language human language A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a>. Each instance of this collection is a language that is used by human communities for communication. This collection differs from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> in that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a> may be purposefully created, while <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>s evolve without a purposeful creation process. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a> thus include not only many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>s, but also made-up languages like Esperanto and many (non-natural) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-Tl2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SignLanguage</a>s. HumanLanguage