]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Culture-Practice culture A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> each instance of which is a very extended, multi-doer event involving material and/or social modifications by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>s to their environment, as well as a set of learned shared practices which are transmitted amongst all members of any given culture. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCPUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanCulture</a>, but it also includes any nonhuman animal (e.g. chimpanzee) cultures, cultures created by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_nCOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extraterrestrial</a>s and/or AIs. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLCgz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CulturalEvent</a>. cultures http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture human culture HumanCulture A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhZiPpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Culture_Practice</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalActivity</a> each instance of which is a very extended, multi-performer activity involving social and material modifications by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a> to their environment. Human cultures are generally considered very important by their participants (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-JRhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">cultureParticipants</a>). Humans tend to identify themselves largely in relation to the cultures in which they participate. Exactly what sorts of events constitute a human culture is hard to specify (see the instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKkfiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CultureClassificationType</a> for guidance here), but cultures generally can at least be said to involve the following sorts of activities on the part of many of their participants: (1) the expression of certain characteristic beliefs, (2) the following of certain characteristic practices, and (3) the use (and sometimes, production) of certain characteristic artifacts. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvw227ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">cultureBeliefs</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwG5lDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">culturePractices</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviIErZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">cultureSpecialPractices</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHAD65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">cultureArtifacts</a>. Culture-Practice A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> each instance of which is a very extended, multi-doer event involving material and/or social modifications by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>s to their environment, as well as a set of learned shared practices which are transmitted amongst all members of any given culture. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCPUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanCulture</a>, but it also includes any nonhuman animal (e.g. chimpanzee) cultures, cultures created by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_nCOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extraterrestrial</a>s and/or AIs. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLCgz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CulturalEvent</a>. culture Culture-Practice A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> each instance of which is a very extended, multi-doer event involving material and/or social modifications by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>s to their environment, as well as a set of learned shared practices which are transmitted amongst all members of any given culture. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCPUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanCulture</a>, but it also includes any nonhuman animal (e.g. chimpanzee) cultures, cultures created by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_nCOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extraterrestrial</a>s and/or AIs. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLCgz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CulturalEvent</a>. culture Culture-Practice A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> each instance of which is a very extended, multi-doer event involving material and/or social modifications by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>s to their environment, as well as a set of learned shared practices which are transmitted amongst all members of any given culture. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCPUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanCulture</a>, but it also includes any nonhuman animal (e.g. chimpanzee) cultures, cultures created by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_nCOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extraterrestrial</a>s and/or AIs. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLCgz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CulturalEvent</a>. culture social event A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> is an action in which two or more agents take part. In many cases, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>s involve communication among the participating agents. Some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> have very elaborate role structures (e.g. a typical lawsuit), while others have fairly simple role structures (e.g. greeting a colleague at work). SocialOccurrence Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString Culture-Practice A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> each instance of which is a very extended, multi-doer event involving material and/or social modifications by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>s to their environment, as well as a set of learned shared practices which are transmitted amongst all members of any given culture. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCPUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanCulture</a>, but it also includes any nonhuman animal (e.g. chimpanzee) cultures, cultures created by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_nCOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extraterrestrial</a>s and/or AIs. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLCgz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CulturalEvent</a>. culture The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the #$KRAKEN application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KE clarifying collection type KEClarifyingCollectionType Culture-Practice A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> each instance of which is a very extended, multi-doer event involving material and/or social modifications by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>s to their environment, as well as a set of learned shared practices which are transmitted amongst all members of any given culture. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCPUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanCulture</a>, but it also includes any nonhuman animal (e.g. chimpanzee) cultures, cultures created by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_nCOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extraterrestrial</a>s and/or AIs. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLCgz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CulturalEvent</a>. culture type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. TemporalStuffType