]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. amniotic sac The collection of all amniotic sacs (or 'amnions'). An individual member of this collection is a sac (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv3aGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sac_Organic</a>) filled with amniotic fluid surrounding a mammalian <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fetus</a>. Amniotic sacs are considered to be part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Embryo</a> along with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fetus</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHs435wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Placenta_FetalPortion</a>. A human <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhvjtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmnioticSac</a> is formed two months after fertilization of a human egg (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9ipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ovum</a>) and exists inside the maternal <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Uterus</a>. The remains of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv4zZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Placenta</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhvjtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmnioticSac</a> are expelled from the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Uterus</a> after the fetus(es) are born. AmnioticSac http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniotic_sac amnions amniotic sacs amnia amnion the amniotic sac The amniotic sac: an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhvjtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmnioticSac</a>. (The AmnioticSac) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzBHPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExternalAnatomicalPart</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBXZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPart</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzBHPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExternalAnatomicalPart</a> is a part of the external anatomy of an organism. Example subcollections include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjghpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Earlobe</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Leaf</a>. external anatomical part ExternalAnatomicalPart amniotic sac The collection of all amniotic sacs (or 'amnions'). An individual member of this collection is a sac (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv3aGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sac_Organic</a>) filled with amniotic fluid surrounding a mammalian <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fetus</a>. Amniotic sacs are considered to be part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Embryo</a> along with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fetus</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHs435wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Placenta_FetalPortion</a>. A human <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhvjtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmnioticSac</a> is formed two months after fertilization of a human egg (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9ipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ovum</a>) and exists inside the maternal <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Uterus</a>. The remains of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv4zZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Placenta</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhvjtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmnioticSac</a> are expelled from the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Uterus</a> after the fetus(es) are born. AmnioticSac amniotic sac The collection of all amniotic sacs (or 'amnions'). An individual member of this collection is a sac (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv3aGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sac_Organic</a>) filled with amniotic fluid surrounding a mammalian <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fetus</a>. Amniotic sacs are considered to be part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Embryo</a> along with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fetus</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHs435wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Placenta_FetalPortion</a>. A human <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhvjtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmnioticSac</a> is formed two months after fertilization of a human egg (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9ipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ovum</a>) and exists inside the maternal <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Uterus</a>. The remains of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv4zZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Placenta</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhvjtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmnioticSac</a> are expelled from the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Uterus</a> after the fetus(es) are born. AmnioticSac body part A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVraoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyRegion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyPart</a> is an anatomical part of some living animal, and thus is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> (q.v). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyPart</a> includes both highly localized organs (for example, hearts) and physical systems composed of parts distributed throughout an animal's body (such as an animal's circulatory system and nervous system). Note that severed limbs and removed organs are _not_ instances of this collection, since they are not _parts_ of some living animal. AnimalBodyPart amniotic sac The collection of all amniotic sacs (or 'amnions'). An individual member of this collection is a sac (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv3aGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sac_Organic</a>) filled with amniotic fluid surrounding a mammalian <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fetus</a>. Amniotic sacs are considered to be part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Embryo</a> along with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fetus</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHs435wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Placenta_FetalPortion</a>. A human <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhvjtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmnioticSac</a> is formed two months after fertilization of a human egg (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9ipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ovum</a>) and exists inside the maternal <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Uterus</a>. The remains of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv4zZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Placenta</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhvjtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmnioticSac</a> are expelled from the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Uterus</a> after the fetus(es) are born. AmnioticSac amniotic sac The collection of all amniotic sacs (or 'amnions'). An individual member of this collection is a sac (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv3aGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sac_Organic</a>) filled with amniotic fluid surrounding a mammalian <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fetus</a>. Amniotic sacs are considered to be part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Embryo</a> along with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fetus</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHs435wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Placenta_FetalPortion</a>. A human <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhvjtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmnioticSac</a> is formed two months after fertilization of a human egg (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9ipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ovum</a>) and exists inside the maternal <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Uterus</a>. The remains of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv4zZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Placenta</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhvjtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmnioticSac</a> are expelled from the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Uterus</a> after the fetus(es) are born. AmnioticSac Sac-Organic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv3aGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sac_Organic</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBXZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPart</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Container</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv3aGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sac_Organic</a> is a plant or animal membranous sac or bladder, whether or not it is still part of a living <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv3aGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sac_Organic</a> have zero (some plant bladders), one (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GallBladder</a>), two (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stomach</a>), or three (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bladder_Urinary</a>) tubes attached for the flow of material into or out of the bladder. The bladder may used for storage of some material in the body, and possible processing thereof, or merely as a mechanism for separating structures (e.g. the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjJ72ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Peritoneum</a>). Any tubes connected to the bladder are of far smaller diameter than the bladder itself. sac type of unique anatomical part UniqueAnatomicalPartType A default pairwise disjoint collection of collections (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a>) and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjn2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyPartType</a>. Instances are types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVraoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyRegion</a> that occur uniquely in the organisms (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a>) that have them. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi6YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Head_AnimalBodyPart</a> is an instance of this collection. Contrast with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP3ohZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SymmetricAnatomicalPartType</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString SolidTangibleThing solid object An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a> is a piece of stuff possessing many of the properties that matter in a solid state (see the constant <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a>) exhibits (although not all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a> are formally in a solid state). Instances have a shape independent from their container, and, when deformed with sufficient force (which may be small for weak, brittle materials or high for materials that deform easily), they break. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a>s include: pieces of substances in a solid state of matter, such as ice cubes; solid mixtures like a quarter-dollar coin or a paper bag; and complex mixtures of biological origin that behave like solids, e.g., bone. Note that some pieces of matter that are formally in a solid state (for example, pieces of clay) are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a>, since they do not readily break when deformed; for this reason, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a> is <i>not</i> a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a>. Collections of the solid form of any type of stuff can be created using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzX0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidFn</a> (q.v.). amniotic sac The collection of all amniotic sacs (or 'amnions'). An individual member of this collection is a sac (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv3aGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sac_Organic</a>) filled with amniotic fluid surrounding a mammalian <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fetus</a>. Amniotic sacs are considered to be part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Embryo</a> along with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fetus</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHs435wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Placenta_FetalPortion</a>. A human <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhvjtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmnioticSac</a> is formed two months after fertilization of a human egg (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9ipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ovum</a>) and exists inside the maternal <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Uterus</a>. The remains of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv4zZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Placenta</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhvjtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmnioticSac</a> are expelled from the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Uterus</a> after the fetus(es) are born. AmnioticSac