]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A collection of collections. Each instance of this collection is a collection of firewall programs in a particular state with respect to how they assign attributes to packets. The instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkVnq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirewallTypeByPacketTarget</a> represent features or attributes that a firewall program F assigns to a packet P that determine the fate of P when P arrives at the computer on which F is running. The most common <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkVnq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirewallTypeByPacketTarget</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1415ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Accept_FirewallTarget</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprhZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Deny_FirewallTarget</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRD16pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reject_FirewallTarget</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtUv7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Redirect_FirewallTarget</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWlRHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Masquerade_FirewallTarget</a>. firewall type by packet target FirewallTypeByPacketTarget Deny-FirewallTarget A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkVnq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirewallTypeByPacketTarget</a>. If a firewall program F is configured on a machine M to assign <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprhZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Deny_FirewallTarget</a> to packets of type T, packets of type T that reach M are discarded as though M had never received them (though some log may be kept). deny Accept-FirewallTarget accept A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkVnq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirewallTypeByPacketTarget</a>. If a firewall program F is configured on a machine M to assign <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1415ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Accept_FirewallTarget</a> to packets of type T, packets of type T that reach M are simply forwarded by M according to the protocol to which packets of type T conform. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkVnq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirewallTypeByPacketTarget</a> that may apply only to outgoing packets. If a firewall program F is configured on a machine M to assign <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWlRHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Masquerade_FirewallTarget</a> to packets of type T, packets of type T are forwarded by M with the IP address of M instead of the IP address of the originating machine. masquerade Masquerade-FirewallTarget Reject-FirewallTarget A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkVnq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirewallTypeByPacketTarget</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprhZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Deny_FirewallTarget</a>. If a firewall program F is configured on a machine M to assign <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRD16pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reject_FirewallTarget</a> to packets of type T, packets of type T that reach M are discarded and the machine that sent them is notified. reject Redirect-FirewallTarget A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkVnq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirewallTypeByPacketTarget</a>. If a firewall program F is configured on a machine M to assign <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtUv7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Redirect_FirewallTarget</a> to packets of type T, packets of type T that reach M are sent to a local port instead of wherever they were heading. This attibute can be assigned only to packets that conform to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6bbn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransmissionControlProtocol</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUCL2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UserDatagramProtocol</a>. redirect AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType A collection of collections. Each instance <code><b>COL</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqEYnNVMqEdaSKAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType</a> (<i>ANECT</i>) is a collection satisfying three conditions: (1) <code><b>COL</b></code> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, (2) every instance <code><b>INST</b></code> of <code><b>COL</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> essentially (i.e. <code><b>INST</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>, and could not exist without being an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>), and (3) condition (2) is a necessary truth about <code><b>COL</b></code>. <p/> Positive examples of ANECTs include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (each of which is a collection of atemporals and is such that, necessarily, all of its instances are in it essentially). Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (though arguably it is necessary that all of its instances are essentially instances of it, it is not disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4FM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UniqueAnatomicalPartType</a> (which, though disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, has instances, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, that could exist even if they weren't instances of it; e.g. it might have been the case that every creature with a heart had at least two hearts). There are no known examples of Cyc-reified collections satisfying conditions (1) and (2) but not (3), but one can be contrived. Suppose that all of today's winning lottery numbers were primes. Now consider the collection: <p/> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrhK-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrimeNumber</a> <i>TodaysWinningLotteryNumbers</i>)) <p/> This collection is clearly disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> and, by hypothesis, all of its instances are in it essentially (as each prime number is essentially a prime number). But this last fact is not <i>necessarily</i> true of this collection: the collection might have had instances that belonged to it only contingently (i.e. not essentially), as it might have been the case that one of today's winning lottery numbers was non-prime, and no number is such that it is essentially one of today's winning lottery numbers. <p/> When asserting that something is an instance or specialization of a given instance of ANECT, it is appropriate to do so in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3_SgQU2iEdaCwAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">UniversalVocabularyMt</a> (q.v.). Indeed, ANECT was specially defined to facilitate the movement of appropriate assertions to that microtheory. <p/> Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGeylLJTfEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection</a>. type of atemporal collection in which membership is necessarily essential A collection of collections. Each instance of this collection is a collection of firewall programs in a particular state with respect to how they assign attributes to packets. The instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkVnq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirewallTypeByPacketTarget</a> represent features or attributes that a firewall program F assigns to a packet P that determine the fate of P when P arrives at the computer on which F is running. The most common <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkVnq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirewallTypeByPacketTarget</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1415ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Accept_FirewallTarget</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprhZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Deny_FirewallTarget</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRD16pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reject_FirewallTarget</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtUv7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Redirect_FirewallTarget</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWlRHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Masquerade_FirewallTarget</a>. FirewallTypeByPacketTarget firewall type by packet target first-order collection An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNooX_CChEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FixedOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> is the collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (q.v.) Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. FirstOrderCollection A collection of collections. Each instance of this collection is a collection of firewall programs in a particular state with respect to how they assign attributes to packets. The instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkVnq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirewallTypeByPacketTarget</a> represent features or attributes that a firewall program F assigns to a packet P that determine the fate of P when P arrives at the computer on which F is running. The most common <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkVnq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirewallTypeByPacketTarget</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1415ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Accept_FirewallTarget</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprhZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Deny_FirewallTarget</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRD16pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reject_FirewallTarget</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtUv7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Redirect_FirewallTarget</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWlRHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Masquerade_FirewallTarget</a>. FirewallTypeByPacketTarget firewall type by packet target A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> is a collection-type that &quot;facets&quot; -- i.e. stands in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> (q.v.) relation to -- another collection. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AutomobileTypeByBrand</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rANFO8Ec-EdaEKABQ2sS97g" class="cyc_term">MusicTypeByGenre</a>, which facet <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Music</a>, respectively. faceting collection type FacetingCollectionType FacetInstanceCollection facet collection A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1fLiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetInstanceCollection</a> is a collection that is an instance of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> (q.v.). For example, the facet-instance-collection (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBVDJsPLMQdiZD5jLVkyKUw" class="cyc_term">WineOfVintageFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjympwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YearFn</a> 1926)) is an instance of the faceting-collection-type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rWdpZhPLLQdiKEtsuZMndzQ" class="cyc_term">WineTypeByVintage</a>.