]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. nonfictional pcw NonfictionalPCW The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a>s that are nonfictional. AcademicTest The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalInformationThing</a>s whose instances are usually a set of questions designed to test a student's understanding of a certain subject. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvt-JvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicTesting</a>. academic test Army field manual The collection of all Army field manuals. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Book_CW</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwSZiGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualPCW</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlEjHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonfictionalPCW</a>. ArmyFieldManual MarketingStatement marketing statement The collection of all marketing statements. A type of <font color="#ff0000">#$TextualDocument-CW</font>. ReportOnSituation-CW situation report A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlEjHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonfictionalPCW</a>. Instances of this collection are verbal or written reports of a particular situation. Positive examples of this collection would be a written police report or a verbal report to my primary supervisor on the status of an assignment. InsurancePolicyDescription A type of <font color="#ff0000">#$TextualDocument-CW</font>. insurance policy description uniform residential loan application UniformResidentialLoanApplication The collection of all uniform residential loan applications. A type of <font color="#ff0000">#$TextualDocument-CW</font>. business plan BusinessPlanDocument The collection of all documents that describe the plans of a business for products, marketing, management and finance. investment portfolio InvestmentPortfolio-CW A document [<font color="#ff0000">#$DocumentaryCW</font>] which lists an agent's investments and their value. WrittenLegalAgreement The collection of all written legal agreements. A type of <font color="#ff0000">#$TextualDocument-CW</font> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalAgreement</a>. written legal agreement The collection of documents that contrast an agent's budget with their actual financial status and transactions. budget report BudgetReportDocument WeatherForecast-PCW weather forecast A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsa-UmP2uQdeAbZYitH8zWQ" class="cyc_term">Prediction_CW</a>. Instances of this collection are events in which some agent makes a predication as the the future occurances in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi2eZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WeatherEvent</a> for a particular place and period of time. Positive examples include last night's forecast on the evening news for today in Austin, Texas, or my great-great-aunt Olga's predication of rain based on the twinges in her knees. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUVRv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WeatherNews</a> and <font color="#ff0000">#$WeatherReport</font>. bill The collection of all bills that have been filed before a legislature for consideration to become a law (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV1TLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Law</a>). Different government have different procedures for enabling bills to become laws. If passed, a federal bill in the United States must either be approved (or allowed to become law without specific approval) by the chief executive or repassed (by a supermajority) over the veto of the chief executive. Bill-ProposedLaw budget The collection of all documents that describe the financial budget of some agent (an organization or person). BudgetDescriptionDocument Horoscope-AdviceOrPrediction The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>s containing advice or predictions based on a person's <font color="#ff0000">#$ZodiacSign</font>. Not the diagram used for generating such predictions or advice. horoscope Documents which are issued on a yearly basis and which report the status and activites of the topics for the year covered. Corporate AnnualReports, Almanacs, etc. AnnualDocument annual document KilledBill-ProposedLaw killed bill proposed law The collection of all legislative bills that are 'defunct' in the sense that they have exhausted their options for becoming law in the system in which they have been proposed, without becoming law. ConsumerReport consumer information An online resource provided to the ADEPT team. A password is required for login. BACWORTHsEncyclopedia BACWORTHs Encyclopedia <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rl87u1mEUEdqAAAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">CultureOfTheArabworld_OnlineCulturalResource</a> is a section of a website &quot;Global Security&quot; that offers cultural awareness training. The website contains short country profiles that include, among other things, information on common etiquette. Culture Of The Arabworld Online Cultural Resource CultureOfTheArabworld-OnlineCulturalResource Bible the Bible The primary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtUbp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SacredText</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Christianity</a>. For printed versions, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfMBiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bible_BookCopy</a>. OldTestament the Old Testament Markov Logic Networks TechnicalReport-5 TOMES An online resource provided to the ADEPT team. A password is required for login. TOMES <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rkLhFrGD7EdqAAAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">Baker_ArabsIslamAndTheMiddleEast_CulturalReference</a> is a book written by William G. Baker that provides information about Arab cultural norms. The title of the book is &quot;Arabs, Islam, and the Middle East. Baker Arabs Islam And The Middle East Cultural Reference Baker-ArabsIslamAndTheMiddleEast-CulturalReference the New Testament NewTestament Pentateuch The first five books of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOG0IJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bible</a>, also known as the 'Books of Moses' and the 'Torah'. Includes the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Believed by Orthodox Jews to have been handed down to Moses on Mt. Sinai and transmitted by him to the Jews, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwH88rZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pentateuch</a> lays down the fundamental laws of moral and physical conduct that govern <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Judaism</a>. the Torah The file provided by SAIC (SNARK) that contains information on Terrorist groups. SAICTerroristGroupsDataFile the SAIC terrorist groups data files Nydell-UnderstandingArabs-CulturalReference <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rn1kSklGeEdqAAAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">Nydell_UnderstandingArabs_CulturalReference</a> is a book written by Margaret K. Nydell that provides information about Arab cultural norms. The title of the book is &quot;Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Westerners. Nydell Understanding Arabs Cultural Reference Center for Strategic and International Studies Report entitled "Asymetric and Terrorist Attacks with Radiological and Nuclear Weapons", dated September 23, 2001, by Anthony H. Cordesman and Arleigh A. Burke, Chair in Startegy. CSISReport-RadiologicalAndNuclearWeapons the CSIS Report entitled "Asymetric and Terrorist Attacks with Radiological and Nuclear Weapons" NWU-ReducedPredicateVocabulary NWU's reduced relational vocabulary A collection of predicates used by Northwestern University as a reduced relational vocabulary. Kwintessential Online Cultural Reference Kwintessential-OnlineCulturalReference <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rC_3E7gt6EdqAAAACs6hbjw" class="cyc_term">Kwintessential_OnlineCulturalReference</a> is the website of company that offers various cross-cultural services for businesses, including language instruction and cultural awareness training. The website contains short country profiles that include, among other things, information on common etiquette. SAICTerrorismEventsDataFile The file provided by SAIC (SNARK) that contains information on Terrorist activity. the SAIC Terrorism Events Data File NonfictionalPCW nonfictional pcw The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a>s that are nonfictional. PropositionalConceptualWork written or spoken work A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a> is an abstract work constituted at least in part by propositional information. Propositional information is information which has a truth value in some context (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a>). Typically, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a> will be works whose instantiations are composed of (or merely contain) one or more spoken or written sentences. Positive examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a> include any instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIgO8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProseLiteraryWork_CW</a> (including instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxfXtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicEssay</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzHRG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExpositoryArticle</a>). A positive example that is <i>not</i> a literary work is any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUwN3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalComposition</a> that has lyrics that express propositions; another positive example is a mostly graphical advertisement that also includes text that expresses propositions. ObjectType The collection of all collections that are &quot;object-like&quot; in at least one respect. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is <i>not</i> itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>; when this happens <code><b>COL</b></code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code><b>PARTPRED</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<b>PARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> does <i>not</i> hold. (Also sufficient for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code><b>INVPARTPRED</b></code> of the <i>inverse</i> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(<b>INVPARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>OBJ1</b>)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in <i>nearly</i> all cases, <code><b>COL</b></code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is <i>not</i> an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object NonfictionalPCW nonfictional pcw The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a>s that are nonfictional. NonfictionalPCW nonfictional pcw The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a>s that are nonfictional.