]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. academic organization The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EducationalOrganization</a>s whose educators consist of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicProfessional</a>s. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SchoolInstitution_KThrough12</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvac70pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HigherEducationInstitution</a> are subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm5yiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicOrganization</a> , whereas dance studios and figure skating schools are not, even though the latter have employees who educate others. Assertions about <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm5yiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicOrganization</a>s should be made in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCDGS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicLifeMt</a>. AcademicOrganization academic organisation academic organizations academic organisations EducationalSystem educational system A system of educational organizations that are controlled by a central administrative system (e.g. AISD, UT-System). kindergarten The collection of all kindergartens. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm5yiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicOrganization</a>. KindergartenInstitution the union of { K-12 institutions, degree granting institutions } (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution)) AcademicDepartment academic department A collection of sub-organizations. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> is a major subdivision of an educational institution, with the primary purpose of research and/or teaching related to a particular academic discipline or subject-matter. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJ4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SchoolInUniversity_DegreeGranting</a>. school School-AcademicOrganization A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm5yiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicOrganization</a>. This collection represents a generalization of the various types of academic organizations which could typically be described as schools. Notable specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpo0ncHqGQdeOwLvZU0r7Hw" class="cyc_term">SchoolInstitution</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SchoolInstitution_KThrough12</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJ4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SchoolInUniversity_DegreeGranting</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvac70pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HigherEducationInstitution</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm5yiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicOrganization</a>. Two important types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvac70pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HigherEducationInstitution</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnDzV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBzjI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonDegreeGrantingInstitution</a>. Specs of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnDzV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">University</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUHx0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">College</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvurAqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollegeInUniversity_DegreeGranting</a> while specs of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBzjI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonDegreeGrantingInstitution</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVT7DpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollegeInUniversity_NonDegreeGranting</a>. higher education institution HigherEducationInstitution BirzeitUniversity Birzeit University King Khaled University KingKhaledUniversity Pondok Ngruki EducationalOrganization-Pondok-Ngruki University of Buenos Aires UniversityOfBuenosAires MalaysianTechnicalInstitute Malaysian Technical Institute ThePrincipia-EducationalOrganization an organization located in St. Louis, MO that manages a series of educational institutions -- from pre-school to college -- dedicated to teaching, among other things, the doctrine of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyFjhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChristianScience_ReligiousOrganization</a>. The Principia GajahMadaUniversity Gajah Mada University KagoshimaUniversity Kagoshima University Damascus University DamascusUniversity UniversityOfHamburg University of Hamburg AnkaraUniversity Ankara University WasedaUniversity Waseda University Jazeera Secondary School JazeeraSecondarySchool Kyoto Prefectural College of Medicine KyotoPrefecturalCollegeOfMedicine EducationalOrganization-Al-Azhar-University Al-Azhar University University of Toronto UniversityOfToronto KharkovStateUniversity Kharkov State University FordsonHighSchool Fordson High School Osaka University OsakaUniversity KyotoUniversity Kyoto University Kyoto University Law School KyotoUniversityLawSchool UniversityOfCairo University of Cairo University of Greifswald UniversityOfGreifswald Aswan University AswanUniversity An-NajahUniversity an-Najah University Keio University School of Medicine KeioUniversitySchoolOfMedicine TsukubaUniversity Tsukuba University Singapore Polytechnic SingaporePolytechnic academic organization AcademicOrganization The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EducationalOrganization</a>s whose educators consist of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicProfessional</a>s. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SchoolInstitution_KThrough12</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvac70pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HigherEducationInstitution</a> are subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm5yiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicOrganization</a> , whereas dance studios and figure skating schools are not, even though the latter have employees who educate others. Assertions about <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm5yiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicOrganization</a>s should be made in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCDGS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicLifeMt</a>. EducationalOrganization A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EducationalOrganization</a> is an organization whose primary function is to provide teaching and/or training as a service for students. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EducationalOrganization</a> may be either public or private institutions. Instances of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AustinISD</a> (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi5OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfAustinTX</a> Independent School District), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StanfordUniversity</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCXh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BrynMawrCollege</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWbnoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UniversityOfPennsylvaniaSchoolOfMedicine</a>, and many other institutions. educational organization academic organization AcademicOrganization The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EducationalOrganization</a>s whose educators consist of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicProfessional</a>s. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SchoolInstitution_KThrough12</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvac70pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HigherEducationInstitution</a> are subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm5yiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicOrganization</a> , whereas dance studios and figure skating schools are not, even though the latter have employees who educate others. Assertions about <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm5yiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicOrganization</a>s should be made in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCDGS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicLifeMt</a>. A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object academic organization AcademicOrganization The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EducationalOrganization</a>s whose educators consist of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicProfessional</a>s. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SchoolInstitution_KThrough12</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvac70pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HigherEducationInstitution</a> are subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm5yiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicOrganization</a> , whereas dance studios and figure skating schools are not, even though the latter have employees who educate others. Assertions about <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm5yiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicOrganization</a>s should be made in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCDGS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicLifeMt</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the #$KRAKEN application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KE clarifying collection type KEClarifyingCollectionType