]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. type of electronic product ElectronicsProductTypeByBrandVersion Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpzkUpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicsProductTypeByBrandVersion</a> are particular named models of electronic hardware. These elements are collections, each of which consists of all the instances of that type of electronic device. For example, 'SonyDSCD700' would be a collection of individual digital cameras, and this collection would be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpzkUpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicsProductTypeByBrandVersion</a>. types of electronic product kind of computer hardware kinds of computer hardware SonyPlayStation2-TheProduct Sony PlayStation 2 HPLaserJet HP LaserJet SuperNintendo-TheProduct the Super Nintendo The 16-bit video game system manufactured by Nintendo as an improvement to the original NES (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkXqfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NintendoEntertainmentSystem_TheProduct</a>). The two systems are not backward-compatible, however. PentiumProcessor pentium A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVit45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microprocessor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ro4zGgjH8EdaeygACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PentiumProcessor</a> is the collection of all Pentium processors developed by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcy7rZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelCorporation</a>. LMILambda LMI Lambda computer The 64-bit video game system manufactured by Nintendo beginning around 1996. Nintendo64-TheProduct Nintendo 64 C128 Commodore128 A brand of personal computer popular in the 1980s. HPcolorLaserJet HP color LaserJet GameShark-TheProduct gameshark This is the collection of Sega Saturn game platforms. SegaSaturn-TheProduct saturn NeoGeoPocket-TheProduct neo geo pocket This is a compact portable video game platform. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ro4zGgjH8EdaeygACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PentiumProcessor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ro4zGgTH8EdaeygACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Pentium4</a> is the collection of all Pentium4 processors developed by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcy7rZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelCorporation</a>. Pentium4 Pentium 4 processor NintendoEntertainmentSystem-TheProduct NES The original 8-bit video game system manufactured by Nintendo. the Sony PlayStation SonyPlayStation-TheProduct Epyx 500XJ joystick EPYX500XJ Powerbook ApplePowerbookComputer Motorola 68c000 Motorola68C000Processor the Performa PerformaComputer The Apple line of Performa computers. Commodore64 A brand of personal computer popular in the 1980s. C64 NECV20Processor NEC V20 SegaGenesis-TheProduct Sega Genesis PalmPilot Palm Pilot Motorola68040Processor Motorola 68040 processor A computer printer made by Hewlett-Packard Inc. Often used with Macintosh computers. the DeskWriter HPDeskWriter WicosThreeway Wicos Threeway Joystick Gameboy-TheProduct the Game Boy PET computer PETComputer The Commodore <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKsAeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PETComputer</a> was the first computer introduced by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvk-fQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommodoreBusinessMachines</a>. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKsAeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PETComputer</a> was introduced in 1977. It was one of the most 'complete' portable all-in one systems for its time. PlayStation 3 SonyPlayStation3-TheProduct C16 Commodore16 Game Genie GameGenie-TheProduct Dreamcast-GameSystem Sega Dreamcast A video game system manufactured by Sega. Soundblaster Soundblaster-TheProduct Amiga AmigaComputer <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm4g_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmigaComputer</a> is type of personal computer first released by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvk-fQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommodoreBusinessMachines</a> in 1985. QuadraComputer the Quadra The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection product type The collection of all types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things that are usually/frequently commercially manufactured. This is context dependent. ManufacturedGoodsType AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType A collection of collections. Each instance <code>COL</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqEYnNVMqEdaSKAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType</a> (ANECT) is a collection satisfying three conditions: (1) <code>COL</code> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, (2) every instance <code>INST</code> of <code>COL</code> is an instance of <code>COL</code> essentially (i.e. <code>INST</code> is an instance of <code>COL</code>, and could not exist without being an instance of <code>COL</code>), and (3) condition (2) is a necessary truth about <code>COL</code>. Positive examples of ANECTs include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (each of which is a collection of atemporals and is such that, necessarily, all of its instances are in it essentially). Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (though arguably it is necessary that all of its instances are essentially instances of it, it is not disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4FM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UniqueAnatomicalPartType</a> (which, though disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, has instances, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, that could exist even if they weren't instances of it; e.g. it might have been the case that every creature with a heart had at least two hearts). There are no known examples of Cyc-reified collections satisfying conditions (1) and (2) but not (3), but one can be contrived. Suppose that all of today's winning lottery numbers were primes. Now consider the collection: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrhK-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrimeNumber</a> TodaysWinningLotteryNumbers)) This collection is clearly disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> and, by hypothesis, all of its instances are in it essentially (as each prime number is essentially a prime number). But this last fact is not necessarily true of this collection: the collection might have had instances that belonged to it only contingently (i.e. not essentially), as it might have been the case that one of today's winning lottery numbers was non-prime, and no number is such that it is essentially one of today's winning lottery numbers. When asserting that something is an instance or specialization of a given instance of ANECT, it is appropriate to do so in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3_SgQU2iEdaCwAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">UniversalVocabularyMt</a> (q.v.). Indeed, ANECT was specially defined to facilitate the movement of appropriate assertions to that microtheory. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGeylLJTfEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection</a>. type of atemporal collection in which membership is necessarily essential type of electronic product Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpzkUpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicsProductTypeByBrandVersion</a> are particular named models of electronic hardware. These elements are collections, each of which consists of all the instances of that type of electronic device. For example, 'SonyDSCD700' would be a collection of individual digital cameras, and this collection would be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpzkUpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicsProductTypeByBrandVersion</a>. ElectronicsProductTypeByBrandVersion ProductTypeByBrandVersion product name A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFrR-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductTypeByBrandVersion</a> is a collection of all instances of a particular version of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvom2E5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductTypeByBrand</a>. The level of specificity here can vary. For example, VolkswagenJetta and VolkswagenJettaGTI would both be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFrR-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductTypeByBrandVersion</a>, since both pick out not just a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvom2E5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductTypeByBrand</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VolkswagenCar</a>) but a specific, named version of that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvom2E5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductTypeByBrand</a>. However, since it is a more specific subset, VolkswagenJettaGTI would be a spec of VolkswagenJetta. Those instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViqfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FormalProductType</a> in which the product specification is restricted to a single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">brandNameOfProductType</a>, such as PetcoGroomingPoodlePuppyCut are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFrR-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductTypeByBrandVersion</a>. type of electronic product Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpzkUpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicsProductTypeByBrandVersion</a> are particular named models of electronic hardware. These elements are collections, each of which consists of all the instances of that type of electronic device. For example, 'SonyDSCD700' would be a collection of individual digital cameras, and this collection would be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpzkUpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicsProductTypeByBrandVersion</a>. ElectronicsProductTypeByBrandVersion Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString