]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjSBSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtisp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> is an intangible thing intentionally created by an agent or agents. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtisp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> include #$ComputerLanguage, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a>. intangible artifact Artifact-Intangible intangible artifacts philosophy PhilosophyBeliefs The class of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BeliefSystem</a>s that deal in rather abstract terms with what can be known, what is and what can be, and/or with what should be. Sample elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhilosophyBeliefs</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjW95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilesianSchoolBeliefs</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThalesPhilosophy</a>, etc. A person with an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDBFfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ApplicationAccount</a> is able to access a set of files associated with a computer application program. The most notable subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDBFfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ApplicationAccount</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsMmu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FTPAccount</a>, but there are many others. ApplicationAccount application account AbstractProgrammingLanguage programming language A specialization of #$ComputerLanguage, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractProgrammingLanguage</a> is the collection of languages invented for the purpose of composing computer programs (i.e., instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>), as opposed to merely facilitating interaction between pieces of software or indicating how to represent pieces of text. Thus, #$ComputerLanguages such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lisp</a> are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractProgrammingLanguage</a>, whereas #$ComputerLanguages such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWVukJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HypertextMarkupLanguage</a> are not. moving image with sound The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4NEApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a>s that are artifacts (i.e., instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtisp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a>) and have <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP19XJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MovingImage</a>s. By default, they have <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoundInformationBearingThing</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> as well, but there are some exceptions, such as silent movies. This collection includes the visual and audio aspects of movies, tv shows, TV commercials, multimedia presentations, computer games, etc. Some instances are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXg6i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MediaProduct</a>s, while others are amateur. MovingImageWithSound The collection of Languages that need to have their vocabulary and any structural differences mapped into CycL for the purposes of the IKRIS project. IKRIS translation language IKRISTranslationLanguage The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvh5TfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>s in which a particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> holds a particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. For <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rxDdN4tViQdaJnP-xpGantQ" class="cyc_term">AppointedOffice</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1PJrHNViQdaf4KqKrwDfPQ" class="cyc_term">ElectedOfficial</a>s, this period of time is typically standardized. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhHHwAzlSEdeUggACs2TnIQ" class="cyc_term">TimeInPosition_Served</a> is associated with a particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhHHwAjlSEdeUggACs2TnIQ" class="cyc_term">TimeInPosition_Obligation</a>; for example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBp5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BillClinton</a> is associated with two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhHHwAzlSEdeUggACs2TnIQ" class="cyc_term">TimeInPosition_Served</a>s, each with its own <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhHHwAjlSEdeUggACs2TnIQ" class="cyc_term">TimeInPosition_Obligation</a>. The interval served cannot extend beyond the limits imposed by the associated obligation, but could end prematurely (e.g., in cases of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvckb65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AssassinatingSomeone</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RetirementEvent</a>s). TimeInPosition-Served time served in a position practice DevisedPracticeOrWork A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtisp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVixI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleExistingThing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9p3wpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedPracticeOrWork</a> is an abstract work which is the deliberate creation of one or more individuals working in concert. Such works are instantiated either in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s (for instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkzeeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedStructuredActivity</a> (q.v.)) or in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>s. Positive examples include: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MobyDickNovel</a> (as opposed to any instance COPY of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> such that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYyDjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfWork</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MobyDickNovel</a> COPY), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQ0xDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Chess</a> (as opposed to games of chess -- see (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQ0xDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Chess</a>)), and Beethoven's 9th Symphony (as opposed to any performance of this symphony or any copy of its score). Negative examples include paintings (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>), customs (not deliberate creations), natural languages (not deliberate creations), and codes (their uses, not instantiations, are IBTs). For those works which have associated <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>s see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. tariff Tariff Elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRKVWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tariff</a> are taxes imposed by a country on goods imported to the country. Note that the members of this collection are not either monies paid and collected or payment events, but are relatively abstract intangible artifacts - the tariffs themselves. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoundInformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtisp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Music</a> is a particular sound produced by actions such as singing, whistling, playing an instrument, playing recorded music, and so on. Music has certain features that distinguish it from random noise (though recognizing them may depend upon a specific cultural background); such features usually include variations of pitch over time (i.e., melody), multiple (somehow) related pitches sounding at one time (i.e., some kind of harmony), and/or some regular temporal pattern to the component sounds (i.e., rhythm). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Music</a> include the debut performance of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, Leonard Bernstein's rendition of the Ninth Symphony with the BPO in Berlin in 1989, a particular playing of a particular CD of Bernstein's 1989 Ninth in Berlin, and the Messiah sing-in in Austin, TX, in 1995. This collection is not to be confused with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViDo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalText</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_NP-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalTextCopy</a> (qq.v.), which refer to the represented instructions which musicians often follow in order to create <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Music</a>. music Music A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BeliefSystem</a>. Each instance of this collection is a system of beliefs that deals with human society, how it should be organized, or how human interactions should take place. Notable instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUOJDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sexism</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkshiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Feminism</a>. social belief system SocialBeliefSystem WritingSystem A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WritingSystem</a> is a system of physical markings used to record pieces of a language. Writing systems are typically associated with particular languages, although some may be common to many languages. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WritingSystem</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JapaneseKatakanaWriting</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternEuropeanWriting</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkG0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalWriting</a>. writing system indexed information source The collection of all structured information sources in which the information contained therein is indexed by some set of index terms (the terms could be names, phrases, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjBK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IDNumber</a>s or codes). For every index term, there is one specific part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD_r7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndexedInformationSource</a> associated with that term. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD_r7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndexedInformationSource</a> has some format or organizing structure of specified parts or 'chunks' imposed on the information. (Although its indexed parts might be be ordered in a certain sequence, in theory it could be indexed without there being any particular sequential ordering of the parts.) An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD_r7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndexedInformationSource</a> is the abstract informational content of the source, not any particular physical object in which the information is stored. Examples include a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dictionary</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thesaurus</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-RqtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Database_AbstractContent</a>, or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a>. Some examples that do not qualify are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Painting_ArtForm</a>, or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a> without any structuring information about it or that has no structure beyond being a string of characters. Thus this is not referring to unstructured text, even if it has an 'Index'. The fact that a book has an index does not make it an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD_r7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndexedInformationSource</a>. IndexedInformationSource DeclarativeProgrammingLanguage Languages that, typically, employ statements about the domain and have built-in search procedures for finding variable assignments that make those statements true. declarative programming language computer process generic The collection of events in which a 'process' is executed on a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>, using the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>'s resources. 'Process' here refers to the act of a CPU or multiple CPUs executing the instructions in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvwE_DpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramCopy</a>. A process ends when it is terminated (by its own instructions, the operating system, a power outage, etc.) A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5kxb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProcess_Generic</a> can be suspended or swapped out by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViws5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystem</a> (whereupon it temporarily ceases to exist) but when it is swapped back in, it will still be the same <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5kxb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProcess_Generic</a>. Hence, the time during which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5kxb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProcess_Generic</a> exists can be a discontinuous time interval. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5kxb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProcess_Generic</a>s can exist on multiple <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>s (e.g. a single instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5kxb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProcess_Generic</a> distributed over a network), but cease to exist on a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> when that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> is rebooted. Note that this is slightly more general than the notion of process in standard computer terminology, e.g. 'a Unix process', which corresponds more closely with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOCcppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProcess_SingleComputer</a>. ComputerProcess-Generic job position JobPosition <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjTQFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> is the collection of all job positions conceived as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvh5TfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>s that exist at an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjTQFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> can be characterized by a set of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMp0_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">duties</a> (see also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-hEUpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">dutiesOfAgentInJob</a>) that the person filling the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjTQFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> will be expected to perform. In practice, we often use instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> instead of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjTQFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> to represent types of job positions. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbm1QpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JobPositionTypeFn</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjTQFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> can be either open or filled (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rrtfVpG6BEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">JobOpen</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQ6T9cG6BEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">JobFilled</a>). A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjTQFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> is not the same as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorkAgreement</a> or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWWQqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HasPositionRelationship</a>. These latter two exist only when a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjTQFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> is filled by a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> who enters into a relation with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> that has the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjTQFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a>. For each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjTQFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a>, there can be only a single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> who fills it for a given temporal interval, although two different <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s may successively fill the same <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjTQFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a>. Use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUy8JZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">versionOfJobPosition</a> to relate a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjTQFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWWQqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HasPositionRelationship</a>. DynamicInfoSource The collection of all abstract sources of information whose information content can change over time. Includes all intangible works that 'survive' modification or editing. dynamic info source UpskirtPicture upskirt picture A subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD6Hb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PornographicPicture</a>s. Each element depicts the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjiTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pelvis</a> or the inner <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjN7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thigh</a> of an ostensibly unsuspecting <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>.. ArtificialLighting The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisibleLight</a> that are deliberately created by intelligent agents. Includes light from a spotlight on a stage, light from a neon sign, light from interior lighting fixtures in a home, etc. artificial lighting Firework-Display A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaJj75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PyrotechnicEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgECNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Firework_Display</a> is a colorful, short-lived aftermath of a fireworks explosion. firework display The language used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rudaTwiQlQdiTsdLYNy1szA" class="cyc_term">CycBehaviorEngine</a> that is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViqDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycL</a> scripts. CBL CycBehaviorLanguage UnifiedModelingLanguage Unified Modeling Language A graphical language designed to be used to specify, visualize, and document models of software systems. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1cSkZhRsQdiElMDPRDyNxw" class="cyc_term">OWL_WebOntologyLanguage</a> extends <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4PosbBRrQdiWadzlz0wZaQ" class="cyc_term">RDFS_ResourceDescriptionFrameworkSchema</a> by providing ontology description properties and classes. OWL is subsumed by CycL. OWL has only binary predicates and does not allow functional terms. OWL does not make the Unique Names Assumption. As of 2003, OWL does not support rules. Web Ontology Language OWL-WebOntologyLanguage <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r-SHbVBRnQdiLJr1-SNf0fw" class="cyc_term">RDF_ResourceDescriptionFramework</a> allows the definition of classes and properties in a taxonomy. The classes are equivalent to Cyc collections and the properties are equivalent to Cyc binary predicates. RDF is written in #$XML-MarkupLanguage. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4PosbBRrQdiWadzlz0wZaQ" class="cyc_term">RDFS_ResourceDescriptionFrameworkSchema</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1cSkZhRsQdiElMDPRDyNxw" class="cyc_term">OWL_WebOntologyLanguage</a>. Resource Description Framework RDF-ResourceDescriptionFramework StandardGeneralizedMarkupLanguage SGML SGML ('Standard Generalized Markup Language') is a generic #$MarkupLanguage for representing documents. It is an International Standard that describes the relationship between a document's content and its structure. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4PosbBRrQdiWadzlz0wZaQ" class="cyc_term">RDFS_ResourceDescriptionFrameworkSchema</a> extends <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r-SHbVBRnQdiLJr1-SNf0fw" class="cyc_term">RDF_ResourceDescriptionFramework</a> by providing argument contraints for the RDF properties. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1cSkZhRsQdiElMDPRDyNxw" class="cyc_term">OWL_WebOntologyLanguage</a>. Resource Description Framework Schema RDFS-ResourceDescriptionFrameworkSchema Geography Markup Language <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_mR0XjbTEdyAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">GML_GeographyMarkupLanguage</a> is an XML grammar defined to describe geographical features. GML-GeographyMarkupLanguage HypertextMarkupLanguage The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWVukJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HypertextMarkupLanguage</a> (usually abbreviated as "HTML") is used to describe and specify the format of pages on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWQvpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWeb_DynamicIndexedInfoSource</a>. It is a variant (a DTD) of the markup language SGML, and is defined in an IETF RFC document. The HTML standard has been revised from time to time. A web page specification that meets the HTML standard should create a correct-appearing page at any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWN8eJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWebClientProgram</a> that accesses the page. HTML KML-KeyholeMarkupLanguage Keyhole Markup Language <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBGpyQDbUEdyAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">KML_KeyholeMarkupLanguage</a> is a file format used to display geographic data in an earth browser, such as Google Earth or Google Maps. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjSBSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtisp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> is an intangible thing intentionally created by an agent or agents. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtisp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> include #$ComputerLanguage, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a>. intangible artifact Artifact-Intangible A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjSBSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtisp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> is an intangible thing intentionally created by an agent or agents. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtisp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> include #$ComputerLanguage, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a>. intangible artifact Artifact-Intangible A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjSBSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtisp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> is an intangible thing intentionally created by an agent or agents. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtisp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> include #$ComputerLanguage, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a>. intangible artifact Artifact-Intangible non-agentive artifact An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjSBSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvY5LhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_NonAgentive</a> is the collection of all artifacts that are _not_ agents (i.e., that are _not_ instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>). Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvY5LhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_NonAgentive</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjo0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bicycle</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPvIyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pants</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Canal</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodUtensil</a>. Artifact-NonAgentive Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. TemporalStuffType The collection of wholly intangible individuals, a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> are immaterial, and thus do not have mass, color, or other tangible qualities. Examples include mathematical objects (such as numbers, functions, and relations), attributes, time intervals, space regions, and events. Excluded are sets and collections because, although intangible, they are not individuals. intangible individual object IntangibleIndividual