]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Growing A generic attribute that applies to an entity which is increasing in size along some underspecified dimension (e.g. volume, length, etc.). growing growinger growingest http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growing_%28band%29 Growing A generic attribute that applies to an entity which is increasing in size along some underspecified dimension (e.g. volume, length, etc.). growing Growing A generic attribute that applies to an entity which is increasing in size along some underspecified dimension (e.g. volume, length, etc.). growing level of change LevelOfChange A collection of attributes. Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwThSbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LevelOfChange</a> expresses a direction of quantity change: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgZlxlOOVQdeQW6qus3a2cA" class="cyc_term">PositiveChange</a> for increases, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTnOLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NegativeChange</a> for decreases, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rf46jPuOUQdeBKPA5t_RLrw" class="cyc_term">NoChange</a> for no change. It is used to describe changes in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QuantitySlot</a> values, and to describe the direction of dependencies between <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QuantitySlot</a>s. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5DRT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">changesQuantityInDirection</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsrq2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">dependsOn_Pairwise</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString Growing A generic attribute that applies to an entity which is increasing in size along some underspecified dimension (e.g. volume, length, etc.). growing magnitude OrderOfMagnitudeInterval <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a>, a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a>, is the collection of intervals which represent significant differences in quantity, for the various types of measurable properties. The most familiar case is for numbers, in which orders of magnitudes typically correspond with powers of 10; thus, in any given numerical quantity, the 100's dominate the 10's or the units, which are negligible with respect to the hundreds. Similar scales could be identified for any measurable property. For example, for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a>, some intervals which represent orders of magnitude are: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViez5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewSecondsDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZ8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewMinutesDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj97ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewHoursDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewDaysDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjd-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewWeeksDuration</a>, etc. Note that orders of magnitude for the same measurable property may differ between microtheories; e.g., the orders of magnitude for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> in a `GeologicalTimeMt' would be much larger than those listed above, which are relevant for human perceptions and activities. <p/> <p/> <p/> Any two attributes which represent amounts of the same kind of property (e.g., time, distance) and which are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> will be assumed to differ so substantially in size that the smaller one (and values associated with it) will be insignificant compared to the larger interval (and values associated with it). That is, in general and as a default, if ORD1 and ORD2 are two different instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> which are also instances of the same type of <font color="#ff0000">#$AttributeValue</font> (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speed</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjb5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mass</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Density</a>), then one is negligible with respect to the other. To know which dominates the other, we need additional knowledge about their relative size, e.g., that ORD2 is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">followingValue</a> of (i.e., 'bigger' than) ORD1. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViij5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">negligibleWRT</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">followingValue</a>. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">orderOfMagnitude</a> (q.v.) is used to relate particular quantities to the appropriate instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a>. For example, two days -- in Cyc, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DaysDuration</a> 2) -- has the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">orderOfMagnitude</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewDaysDuration</a>.