]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. MilitaryDefensiveOperation The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhxFJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOperation</a> where the primary purpose or goal is defensive in nature. This collection is inclusive of concerted operations carried out by multiple units. For individual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCCSNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryAction</a>s carried out by particular units, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVr5lZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryTask_Defensive</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuMS3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryDefensiveOperation</a> is the 'defensive' analog of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmWl5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOffensiveOperation</a>. defensive operation defensive operations http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_mechanism area defense operation AreaDefense-MilitaryOperation The collection of those defensive operations which concentrate on denying enemy access to designated terrain for a specified period of time rather than on the outright destruction of the enemy. FM 100-40. performing air defense PerformingAirDefense rearward passage of lines A rearward passage of lines occurs when a unit passes through another unit while moving away from the enemy. FM100-40, p18- 2. A rearward passage of lines is similar in concept to a forward passage of lines. It continues the defense or retrograde operation. It maintains enemy contact while allowing for the recovery of the security force or the replacement of a unit that is combat-ineffective. RearwardPassageOfLines-MilitaryOperation mobile defense operation MobileDefense-MilitaryOperation The mobile defense operation focuses on defeating or destroying the enemy force by allowing him to advance to a point where he is exposed to a decisive counterattack by the striking force. The commander organizes his force into two principal groups: the fixing force and the striking force. The primary defeat mechanism, the counterattack, is supplemented by the fires of the fixing force. The mobile defense is normally conducted by brigades, divisions and corps. Battalions and smaller units do not conduct a mobile defense because they are incapable of conducting operations in depth and fighting multiple engagements while resourcing the striking force, the fixing force, and a reserve. FM100- 40, Ch12. MilitaryEngagement-Defensive The Collection of combat actions that are primarily defensive. defensive military engagement Normal Infocon-level security measures NormalInfoconLevelSecurityScript MilitaryManeuver-Defensive defensive military maneuver The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwG7ig5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryManeuver</a> that are used in defensive actions. retrograde defense operation RetrogradeDefense-MilitaryOperation The collection of those defensive operations in which there is an organized movement to the rear or away from the enemy. FM 100-40. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally object-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally object-like just in case it generally holds that any proper purely temporal parts (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>. More precisely, a collection <code>COL</code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> just in case it satisfies the following: For any distinct <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then not <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. For example, none of the proper time-slices of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is itself a calendar year. Likewise for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> are both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>. Conversely, a proper time-slice of a given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> might itself be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> (e.g. an hour has minutes and seconds as time-slices); so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> is not a temporal-object-type. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally stuff-like. TemporalObjectType temporal object type ProtectingSomething actively protecting A subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQ-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingCareOfSomething</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtectingSomething</a> is a purposeful action in which an agent either acts to protect some other agent from threats to its well-being, or acts to protect some object from threats to its good condition. Examples include a military unit protecting some other unit from enemy attacks, or a person protecting a precious object from destruction. MilitaryDefensiveOperation The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhxFJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOperation</a> where the primary purpose or goal is defensive in nature. This collection is inclusive of concerted operations carried out by multiple units. For individual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCCSNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryAction</a>s carried out by particular units, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVr5lZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryTask_Defensive</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuMS3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryDefensiveOperation</a> is the 'defensive' analog of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmWl5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOffensiveOperation</a>. defensive operation MilitaryDefensiveOperation The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhxFJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOperation</a> where the primary purpose or goal is defensive in nature. This collection is inclusive of concerted operations carried out by multiple units. For individual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCCSNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryAction</a>s carried out by particular units, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVr5lZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryTask_Defensive</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuMS3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryDefensiveOperation</a> is the 'defensive' analog of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmWl5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOffensiveOperation</a>. defensive operation Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A collection of collections: every element of MilitaryOperationType is a collection of instances of MilitaryOperation. MilitaryOperationType type of military operation MilitaryDefensiveOperation The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhxFJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOperation</a> where the primary purpose or goal is defensive in nature. This collection is inclusive of concerted operations carried out by multiple units. For individual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCCSNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryAction</a>s carried out by particular units, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVr5lZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryTask_Defensive</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuMS3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryDefensiveOperation</a> is the 'defensive' analog of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmWl5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOffensiveOperation</a>. defensive operation A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnSeAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhxFJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOperation</a> is a planned military operation. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhxFJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOperation</a> usually require organization and coordination, and often are complex activities. For large-scale military operations involving several groups of agents, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxOzqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOperation_Joint</a>. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhxFJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOperation</a> include the attack on Pearl Harbor and the retaking of Bunker Hill. military operation MilitaryOperation