]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvwqqg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationTypeByStructuralCharacteristic</a> is a collection whose instances are distinguished by structural characteristics. For example, the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWYI25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BranchOrganization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Department</a> are all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvwqqg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationTypeByStructuralCharacteristic</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a> is distinguished by the structure which exists among the parent company and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_v5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subOrganizations</a> through which it operates. Similarly, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWYI25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BranchOrganization</a> are distinguished by the fact that they are part of a larger structure. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Department</a> are distinguished by the fact that they are formal groups within a larger organizational structure. type of organization classified by structural characteristic OrganizationTypeByStructuralCharacteristic types of organization classified by structural characteristic council Council-Organization The collection of all councils. A council may, depending on it's purpose, operate in an advisory, executive, or legislative capacity. subsidiary An organization that is fully controlled by another. Subsidiary NetworkOrganization network organization The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>s, each of which is a network of organizations that work together as a single unit to accomplish specific, defined goals. For example, in order to cut costs, many health insurers establish networks of independently owned healthcare providers that agree to provide services to insureds at agreed upon prices. That network (i.e., the combination of all participating <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>s) is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvb74L5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkOrganization</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvwqqg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationTypeByStructuralCharacteristic</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkr6f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationOfPeopleOnly</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsptSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cell_Organization</a> is a sub-organization of some larger organization, where the larger organization is divided into many instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsptSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cell_Organization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsptSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cell_Organization</a> is a small group of people who perform a set of tasks for the larger organization to which the cell belongs. Each cell within the larger organization is relatively isolated from all the other cells in that organization, so that members of one cell will generally not know members of the other cells, nor will they generally know what the other cells are doing for the larger organization. Organizations that structure themselves into cells usually do so because they wish to conceal their activities, and the extent of their membership, from others (so organizations that structure themselves into cells will usually be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvX1ydpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CovertAgent</a>, such as intelligence groups, criminal organizations, or terrorist groups). By organizing itself into independent cells, an organization ensures that its members will be able to divulge the identities and activities of only a few other members of that organization, if those members defect from the organization, or if they are captured by some agent interested in knowing about the organization's activities. cell Cell-Organization chain ChainOrganization A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LargeIncorporatedBusiness</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a> is a parent business which comes into contact with its customers or clients primarily through its geographically dispersed sub-organizations, which typically are (mostly) homogeneous in product line, style of physical quarters, and local organizational structure. Examples include the parent organizations of McDonald's and Starbucks. independent organization IndependentOrganization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrlgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentOrganization</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrlgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentOrganization</a> is an organization which is not affiliated with any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a> (q.v.), and is not a sub-organization of any other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. An independent organization is neither the top-level organization of a chain, nor a lower level organization in a chain, nor is it an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a>. Note, however, that an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrlgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentOrganization</a> may have several locations within a small geographical region; e.g., Texas French Bread (a single, independent business) has multiple locations in Austin, TX. company department Department The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Department</a> is a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. An element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Department</a> is a major sub-organization of a business, government, or academic organization. An element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Department</a> is part of the organization to which it belongs, NOT a separate legal entity (such as a partly or wholly owned subsidiary company), and it performs some of the activity of that organization. In Cyc, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Department</a> includes generically what may be called a division, department, office, bureau, ministry, etc., within an actual organization. Common types of departments include those represented by the subsets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalDepartment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SecurityDepartment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PayrollDepartment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6tpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccountingDepartment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkL-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanResourcesDepartment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a>, and CustomerServiceDepartment (and many others). BranchOrganization A branch organization is a subOrganization with its own PhysicalQuarters. branch A type-level collection, the collection of all types of organizations. Each instance is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>s whose instances share some common feature that is important enough to warrant reifying the collection as a 'type'. OrganizationType organization type The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvwqqg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationTypeByStructuralCharacteristic</a> is a collection whose instances are distinguished by structural characteristics. For example, the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWYI25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BranchOrganization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Department</a> are all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvwqqg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationTypeByStructuralCharacteristic</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a> is distinguished by the structure which exists among the parent company and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_v5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subOrganizations</a> through which it operates. Similarly, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWYI25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BranchOrganization</a> are distinguished by the fact that they are part of a larger structure. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Department</a> are distinguished by the fact that they are formal groups within a larger organizational structure. type of organization classified by structural characteristic OrganizationTypeByStructuralCharacteristic Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvwqqg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationTypeByStructuralCharacteristic</a> is a collection whose instances are distinguished by structural characteristics. For example, the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWYI25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BranchOrganization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Department</a> are all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvwqqg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationTypeByStructuralCharacteristic</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a> is distinguished by the structure which exists among the parent company and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_v5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subOrganizations</a> through which it operates. Similarly, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWYI25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BranchOrganization</a> are distinguished by the fact that they are part of a larger structure. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Department</a> are distinguished by the fact that they are formal groups within a larger organizational structure. type of organization classified by structural characteristic OrganizationTypeByStructuralCharacteristic A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> is a collection-type that &quot;facets&quot; -- i.e. stands in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> (q.v.) relation to -- another collection. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AutomobileTypeByBrand</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rANFO8Ec-EdaEKABQ2sS97g" class="cyc_term">MusicTypeByGenre</a>, which facet <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Music</a>, respectively. faceting collection type FacetingCollectionType FacetInstanceCollection facet collection A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1fLiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetInstanceCollection</a> is a collection that is an instance of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> (q.v.). For example, the facet-instance-collection (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBVDJsPLMQdiZD5jLVkyKUw" class="cyc_term">WineOfVintageFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjympwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YearFn</a> 1926)) is an instance of the faceting-collection-type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rWdpZhPLLQdiKEtsuZMndzQ" class="cyc_term">WineTypeByVintage</a>.