]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. MakingAPiratedCopy The collection of all events in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> makes an illegal copy of copyrighted material. Examples include copying a CD owned by someone else for your personal use or for sale to others. Note that some kinds of copying of copyrighted material are not illegal - this collection includes only the illegal kinds. pirating http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracy pirate have pirated will have pirated had pirated pirated has pirated pirates will pirate CriminalAct criminal act A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a> is a relatively serious <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnndOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IllegalAction</a>. This excludes relatively minor infractions such as (in most legal systems) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNxXZrF29QdmXa7u9gKY-CA" class="cyc_term">Jaywalking</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTnASCC8oQdiGK8gwuHwqSg" class="cyc_term">Littering</a>. MakingAPiratedCopy The collection of all events in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> makes an illegal copy of copyrighted material. Examples include copying a CD owned by someone else for your personal use or for sale to others. Note that some kinds of copying of copyrighted material are not illegal - this collection includes only the illegal kinds. pirating creating an artifact A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. In every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbkWe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreatingAnArtifact</a>, an agent [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>] deliberately brings an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjSBSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a> into existence. This artifact may be tangible or intangible. Chiseling a marble statue, writing a computer program, or whistling a tune would all be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbkWe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreatingAnArtifact</a>. Two important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbkWe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreatingAnArtifact</a> are: (1) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2r5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a>, the creation of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>s expressing an original thought or idea. (2) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj-OJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingSomething</a>, where <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things are created. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcREH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">artifactsCreated</a>. CreatingAnArtifact DurativeEventType A collection of collections. If TYPE is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>, each instance of TYPE is a "durative event" extended through time, i.e., it endures continuously between its starting and ending points, and such points are not simultaneous. As an example, writing a letter is a durative event type, since an event of this type will (except in "degenerate" cases) have a distinct starting point, a period of time in the middle during which writing occurs, and an end point at which the letter is written. By contrast, winning a prize is an instantaneous change: up to the moment the event takes place, you don't have the prize, after that you do. Granted, the awarding of the prize might in fact have a physical duration, but from a conceptual or logical point of view it might as well have none. If one thinks of events as the occurrence of "changes", one may regard durative events as changes that intrinsically occupy a continuous, non-zero chunk of time, and non-durative events (for which see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a>) as instantaneous changes. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is a proper specialization of this collection, because the cumulativity property (see the salient assertion for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a>) implies that all process types can have temporal extension. Naturally, many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>s are not cumulative, but rather <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv48ocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccomplishmentType</a>s. type of durative event MakingAPiratedCopy The collection of all events in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> makes an illegal copy of copyrighted material. Examples include copying a CD owned by someone else for your personal use or for sale to others. Note that some kinds of copying of copyrighted material are not illegal - this collection includes only the illegal kinds. pirating Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString MakingAPiratedCopy The collection of all events in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> makes an illegal copy of copyrighted material. Examples include copying a CD owned by someone else for your personal use or for sale to others. Note that some kinds of copying of copyrighted material are not illegal - this collection includes only the illegal kinds. pirating IBTCopying A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV6pTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Replication</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWYG5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTCopying</a> is an event which generates some new instance or instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> by copying the information and format from a source <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV5PA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">informationOrigin</a>). The new instance(s) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> encode(s) approximately the same information in approximately the same way as the source <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. A positive example of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWYG5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTCopying</a> would be a person producing a hand-written copy of a newspaper story, where the copy is in the same language as the story, and the format of the story (e.g., the ordering of the paragraphs) is not changed. Negative examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWYG5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTCopying</a> would be a person producing a translation of the newspaper story, or a person producing a document in which the paragraphs of the story are extensively rearranged. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWYG5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTCopying</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzyGRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CopyingAComputerFile</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhotocopyingADocument</a>. See also the predicates <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjI9pZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">copyProduced</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwE71NJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">itemCopied</a>. event in which an Information Bearing Thing is copied MakingAPiratedCopy The collection of all events in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> makes an illegal copy of copyrighted material. Examples include copying a CD owned by someone else for your personal use or for sale to others. Note that some kinds of copying of copyrighted material are not illegal - this collection includes only the illegal kinds. pirating