]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The collection of the 12 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuslJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Constellation</a>s which represent the 12 signs of the zodiac used in Western astrology. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWB0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Leo_Constellation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8JCQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Aries_Constellation</a> are instances. zodiac constellation ZodiacConstellation zodiac constellations http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiac Capricorn The constellation Capricornus, the Sea-Goat, one of the 12 constellations of the zodiac. Capricornus-Constellation Sagittarius-Constellation Sagittarius The constellation Sagittarius, the Archer, one of the 12 constellations of the zodiac. Gemini-Constellation The constellation Gemini, the Twins, one of the 12 constellations of the zodiac. Gemini Libra-Constellation The constellation Libra, the Scales, one of the 12 constellations of the zodiac. Libra The constellation Pisces, the Fish, which is one of the 12 constellations of the zodiac. Pisces-Constellation Pisces The constellation Scorpius, the Scorpion, one of the 12 constellations of the zodiac. Scorpius-Constellation Scorpius The constellation Leo, the Lion, one of the 12 constellations of the zodiac. Leo Leo-Constellation The constellation Aquarius, the Water Bearer, one of the 12 constellations of the zodiac. Aquarius Aquarius-Constellation Taurus-Constellation The constellation Taurus, the Bull, one of the 12 constellations of the zodiac. Taurus Cancer-Constellation The constellation Cancer, the Crab, one of the 12 constellations of the zodiac. Cancer The constellation Aries, the Ram, one of the 12 constellations of the zodiac. Aries-Constellation Aries The constellation Virgo, the Virgin, one of the 12 constellations of the zodiac. Virgo-Constellation Virgo zodiac constellation The collection of the 12 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuslJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Constellation</a>s which represent the 12 signs of the zodiac used in Western astrology. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWB0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Leo_Constellation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8JCQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Aries_Constellation</a> are instances. ZodiacConstellation zodiac constellation The collection of the 12 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuslJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Constellation</a>s which represent the 12 signs of the zodiac used in Western astrology. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWB0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Leo_Constellation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8JCQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Aries_Constellation</a> are instances. ZodiacConstellation zodiac constellation The collection of the 12 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuslJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Constellation</a>s which represent the 12 signs of the zodiac used in Western astrology. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWB0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Leo_Constellation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8JCQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Aries_Constellation</a> are instances. ZodiacConstellation A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object NonAbducibleCollection The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a> is a sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollection</a>. Abductive inferences sometimes involve hypothesizing the existence of entities as part of the explanation of some assertion or set of assertions. Cyc will not hypothesize the existence of instances of the collections that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a>. Roughly, abductive inferences consume conceptual / theoretical knowledge rather than produce it. So, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a> because Cyc should be employing existing theoretical knowledge about instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> rather than hypothesizing new instances. non abducible collection Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZbnSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CelestialRegion</a> which are normally distinguished by a particular asterism that is intended to depict some object. The celestial sphere is completely covered with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuslJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Constellation</a>s, which do not overlap. This is the more formal notion of 'constellation' used by astronomers. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDl_RpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UrsaMajor_Constellation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVqIcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Orion_Constellation</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv47-F5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Asterism</a>, which is the more informal notion of 'constellation'. constellation Constellation A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). spatially disjoint object type SpatiallyDisjointObjectType zodiac constellation The collection of the 12 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuslJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Constellation</a>s which represent the 12 signs of the zodiac used in Western astrology. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWB0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Leo_Constellation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8JCQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Aries_Constellation</a> are instances. ZodiacConstellation The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYbXiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType QA clarifying collection type