]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The collection of all collections, instances of which are persons who hold hereditary titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch. Title-Aristocratic aristocratic title aristocratic titles Duchess The collection of all duchesses, or female persons who hold hereditary ducal titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy). This excludes a Grand Duchess. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv0mEtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Duke</a>. duchess Duke duke The collection of all dukes, or male persons who hold hereditary ducal titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch. This excludes a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GrandDuke_HeadOfState</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOcFjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Duchess</a>. Baroness baroness The collection of all baronesses, or female persons who hold baronial titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy) in the systems of nobility of European countries like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6EJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">France</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Italy</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjowpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spain</a>, or the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcm6UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biffeche_KingdomOf</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNcrupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Baron</a>. The collection of all earls, or male persons who hold hereditary count title in the systems of nobility of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcm6UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biffeche_KingdomOf</a>. This is distinct from a European count, though of equal rank. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm64yZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Count_Nobleman</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtGrlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Countess</a>. Earl earl marquis The collection of all marquis, or male persons who hold hereditary marquessal titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch, in the systems of nobility of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6EJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">France</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Luxembourg</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Belgium</a>. This distinct from the British <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8ax-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Marquess</a>. Marquis Marquess marquess The collection of all marquesses, or male persons who hold hereditary marquessal titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch, in the systems of nobility of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcm6UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biffeche_KingdomOf</a>. This distinct from the French <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaTy7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Marquis</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcOGepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Marchioness</a>. marchioness Marchioness The collection of all marchionesses, or female persons who hold hereditary marquessal titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy) in the systems of nobility of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcm6UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biffeche_KingdomOf</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8ax-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Marquess</a>. countess The collection of all countesses, or female persons who hold hereditary count titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy) in the systems of nobility of European countries like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6EJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">France</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Italy</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjowpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spain</a>, or the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcm6UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biffeche_KingdomOf</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFXDRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Earl</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm64yZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Count_Nobleman</a>. Countess prince Prince The collection of all princes, or male persons who hold hereditary princely titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch. This includes sovereign, hereditary, courtesy and other princes. It excludes the co-princes of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfP9fQm2hEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">CoPrincipality</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5YpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Andorra</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvusi7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Princess</a>. The collection of all princesses, or female persons, whether sovereign or not, who hold hereditary princely titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy). This excludes female Co-princes of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5YpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Andorra</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv10QMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Prince</a>. Princess princess baronet Baronet The collection of all baronets, or male persons who hold hereditary baronetcy titles, the lowest in the system of nobility of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcm6UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biffeche_KingdomOf</a>. Viscount viscount The collection of all viscounts, or male persons who hold hereditary viscount titles in the systems of nobility of Europe, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcm6UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biffeche_KingdomOf</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvktPZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Viscountess</a>. baron The collection of all barons, or male persons who hold hereditary baronial titles in the systems of nobility of Europe, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcm6UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biffeche_KingdomOf</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyzJ1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Baroness</a>. Baron The collection of all counts, or male persons who hold hereditary count titles in the systems of nobility of European countries other than the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland</a>. This is distinct from a British <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFXDRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Earl</a>, though of equal rank. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtGrlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Countess</a>. Count-Nobleman count viscountess Viscountess The collection of all viscountesses, or female persons who hold hereditary viscount-level titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy) in the systems of nobility of European countries like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6EJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">France</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Italy</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjowpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spain</a>, or the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcm6UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biffeche_KingdomOf</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGTeK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Viscount</a>. The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection The collection of all collections, instances of which are persons who hold hereditary titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch. Title-Aristocratic aristocratic title A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object The collection of all collections, instances of which are persons who hold hereditary titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch. Title-Aristocratic aristocratic title Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvubaMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConventionalClassificationType</a> is a collection that corresponds to a category in some agreed-upon or conventional classification system (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNgIyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassificationSystem</a>) used by people. In such systems, a change or reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed social agreement or custom, without changing the intrinsic natures of the actual objects in the category. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvubaMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConventionalClassificationType</a>s include categories in biological taxonomy, standard classifications in data dictionaries and thesauri, cultural taboo classes, military doctrinal classes, and named calendar intervals. ConventionalClassificationType conventional classification type The collection of all collections, instances of which are persons who hold hereditary titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch. Title-Aristocratic aristocratic title