]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage international auxiliary language international auxiliary languages http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_auxiliary_language A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCAGD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage</a>. NovialConstructedLanguage Novial EurishConstructedLanguage A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCAGD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage</a>. Eurish A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCAGD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage</a>. Glosa GlosaConstructedLanguage Romanova A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCAGD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage</a>. RomanovaConstructedLanguage A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCAGD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage</a>. IdoConstructedLanguage Ido Vorlin A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCAGD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage</a>. VorlinConstructedLanguage A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCAGD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage</a>. Essential World English EssentialWorldEnglish A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a>. Interlingua Interlingua A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCAGD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage</a>. DiLingoConstructedLanguage DiLingo Lingua Franca Nova LinguaFrancaNovaConstructedLanguage A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCAGD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage</a>. NeoConstructedLanguage Neo A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCAGD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage</a>. Esperanto Esperanto The prototypical <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCAGD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage</a>, devised by L. L. Zamenhof and introduced in 1887. Eurolang EurolangConstructedLanguage A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCAGD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage</a>. InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage international auxiliary language ObjectType The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage international auxiliary language A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a>, #$ArtificialLanguage-Informal, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkzeeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedStructuredActivity</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a> is an artificially constructed language that can be used for everyday conversation. The collection is thus disjoint with both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8zbW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FormalLanguage</a>. Note, however, that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a> might evolve over time in a more-or-less "natural" manner, despite its artificial origin. ConstructedHumanLanguage artificial language InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage international auxiliary language Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString