]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The collection of agreements that are formally concluded between two or more geopolitical agents. Treaties are usually established in some ceremony, although they may be concluded in secret, and are usually instantiated in documents signed by the official representatives of the agent states concluding the treaty. Treaty treaty http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty accords treaties accord MilitaryTreaty military treaty This is the collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a>s in which an element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnSeAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryEvent</a> is governed by the treaty. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD8ghJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Treaty</a> aimed at the conservation of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvh8GOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WetlandRegion</a>. RamsarTreaty Ramsar Treaty MARPOL Treaty Treaty aimed at preventing pollution that arise from dumping at sea, especially of oil. MARPOLTreaty Convention On Biodiversity Treaty ConventionOnBiodiversityTreaty A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD8ghJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Treaty</a> first introduced for signature during the United Nations Conference on Evironment and Development. This treaty establishes the sovereignty of nations over their own biological resouces, but establishes the responsibility for preserving biodiversity and pursuing sustainable development. Vienna Convention For Protecting Ozone Layer ViennaConventionForProtectingOzoneLayer UNConventionToCombatDesertification UN Convention To Combat Desertification A UN sponsored treaty aimed at fighting the problems of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFYEixuNdEdmAAAACs4vPlg" class="cyc_term">Desertification</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvk1f3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Drought</a>. JointDefenseAndEconomicCooperationTreaty-ArabLeague the Joint Defense and Economic Cooperation Treaty Between the States of the Arab League A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD8ghJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Treaty</a> which provides for the establishment of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJnXqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JointDefenseCouncil_ArabLeague</a>. KyotoProtocol The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJsPJUONgEdmAAAACs4vPlg" class="cyc_term">KyotoProtocol</a> is an amendment to the #$UNFrameworkConventionOnClimateChang aimed at reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and other green house gases. UN Framework Convention On Climate Change's treaty Schengen treaty A treaty originally signed in 1985, but not fully implemented until 1995. The seven countries that signed the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv0B7T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SchengenTreaty</a> - Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Germany, Portugal and Spain -agreed to allow citizens of the signatory countries greater freedom of movement between those countries. SchengenTreaty A general framework document aimed at addressing the problem of global warming. This document itself does not mandate any behavior on the part of its signatories subsequently, it provides no enforcement mechanisms. UN Framework Convention On Climate Change UNFrameworkConventionOnClimateChange A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD8ghJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Treaty</a> aimed at reducing and controlling the movement of hazaradous wastes, by aiming to prevent the export of hazardous materials from developed to developing countries. Basel Convention BaselConvention An international agreement aimed at preventing international trade in plants and animals from endangering those species. ConventionOnTradeInEndangeredSpecies Convention On Trade In Endangered Species the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty NuclearNonProliferationTreaty An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFuv35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAgreement</a>. It became effective in 1970 and was intended to limit the number of nations with nuclear weapons to five: the U.S. Soviet Union, Britain, France, and China. Signatories agree not to acquire nuclear weapons and to accept the safeguards of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvk5wBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency</a> over their nuclear materials. (Preceding information derived from <a href= "http://www.tradecompass.com/library/books/terms/NuclearNon-ProliferationTreaty.html.">http://www.tradecompass.com/library/books/terms/NuclearNon-ProliferationTreaty.html.</a>) The collection of agreements that are formally concluded between two or more geopolitical agents. Treaties are usually established in some ceremony, although they may be concluded in secret, and are usually instantiated in documents signed by the official representatives of the agent states concluding the treaty. treaty Treaty The collection of agreements that are formally concluded between two or more geopolitical agents. Treaties are usually established in some ceremony, although they may be concluded in secret, and are usually instantiated in documents signed by the official representatives of the agent states concluding the treaty. treaty Treaty The collection of agreements that are formally concluded between two or more geopolitical agents. Treaties are usually established in some ceremony, although they may be concluded in secret, and are usually instantiated in documents signed by the official representatives of the agent states concluding the treaty. treaty Treaty The collection of agreements that are formally concluded between two or more geopolitical agents. Treaties are usually established in some ceremony, although they may be concluded in secret, and are usually instantiated in documents signed by the official representatives of the agent states concluding the treaty. treaty Treaty ObjectType The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFuv35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAgreement</a> is a formal agreement among (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">agreeingAgents</a>) countries or organizations with international scope. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFuv35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAgreement</a> include treaties to end wars, trade agreements, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9xMvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NuclearNonProliferationTreaty</a>, the #$ChemicalWeaponsConvention, and the Geneva Convention. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD8ghJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Treaty</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeaceAccord</a>. InternationalAgreement international agreement LegalAgreement An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalAgreement</a> is an agreement which has a legal status; that is, it is recognized as a valid agreement by some government. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalAgreement</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgGJIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SalesContract</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVr0WpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Visa_Permit</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTXWNgDjCEd2AAADggVbxzQ" class="cyc_term">Account</a>. legal agreement Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of agreements that are formally concluded between two or more geopolitical agents. Treaties are usually established in some ceremony, although they may be concluded in secret, and are usually instantiated in documents signed by the official representatives of the agent states concluding the treaty. treaty Treaty