]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. MusicPerformanceAgent A collection of agents. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDSivJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicPerformanceAgent</a> is either an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVij7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicPerformanceOrganization</a> (if it is, say, a group or band), or an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalPerformer</a> (if it is an individual musician). Each instance has as a main function or activity the playing/performing of music for some audience, either direct (live performance) or mediated through recordings or radio or TV broadcasts. musical performer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing_arts bands and artists musical performance agents musical performers bands and artist musical performance agent the union of { musical groups, musical performers } (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet MusicPerformanceOrganization MusicalPerformer)) IntelligentAgent intelligent agent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu__KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationStore</a> (qq.v.). An agent is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> if and only if it is capable of knowing and acting, and capable of employing its knowledge in its actions. An intelligent agent typically <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkDi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">knowsAbout</a> certain things, and its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">beliefs</a> concerning those things influences its actions. As with agents generally, an intelligent agent might either be a single individual, such as a person, or a group consisting of two or more individual agents, such as a business or government organization. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViknpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZbbuIoGbQdeH0rnP7Ube6Q" class="cyc_term">MultiIndividualAgent_Intelligent</a>. Note that non-human <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a>s that are sentient and somewhat intelligent, such as (arguably) cats and horses, can be considered intelligent agents in some contexts. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm MusicPerformanceAgent musical performer A collection of agents. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDSivJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicPerformanceAgent</a> is either an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVij7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicPerformanceOrganization</a> (if it is, say, a group or band), or an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalPerformer</a> (if it is an individual musician). Each instance has as a main function or activity the playing/performing of music for some audience, either direct (live performance) or mediated through recordings or radio or TV broadcasts. ObjectType The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object MusicPerformanceAgent musical performer A collection of agents. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDSivJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicPerformanceAgent</a> is either an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVij7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicPerformanceOrganization</a> (if it is, say, a group or band), or an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalPerformer</a> (if it is an individual musician). Each instance has as a main function or activity the playing/performing of music for some audience, either direct (live performance) or mediated through recordings or radio or TV broadcasts. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString MusicPerformanceAgent musical performer A collection of agents. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDSivJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicPerformanceAgent</a> is either an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVij7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicPerformanceOrganization</a> (if it is, say, a group or band), or an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalPerformer</a> (if it is an individual musician). Each instance has as a main function or activity the playing/performing of music for some audience, either direct (live performance) or mediated through recordings or radio or TV broadcasts. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the #$KRAKEN application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KE clarifying collection type KEClarifyingCollectionType MusicPerformanceAgent musical performer A collection of agents. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDSivJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicPerformanceAgent</a> is either an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVij7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicPerformanceOrganization</a> (if it is, say, a group or band), or an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalPerformer</a> (if it is an individual musician). Each instance has as a main function or activity the playing/performing of music for some audience, either direct (live performance) or mediated through recordings or radio or TV broadcasts. type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. TemporalStuffType