]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The collection of significant periods of history. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCL0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheRenaissance</a>. historic period HistoricPeriod http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_time_periods historical period historic periods signficant period in history ages signficant periods in history important period in history important periods in history historical periods age the Muromachi Period The Muromachi Period: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEaQFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HistoricPeriod</a>. MuromachiPeriod HeianPeriod the Heian Period The Heian Period: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEaQFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HistoricPeriod</a>. the Meiji Period MeijiPeriod the Enlightenment AgeOfEnlightenment antiquity Antiquity The term used by historians to refer to the period from the start of recorded human history (c. 3000 BCE) with chronicles and simple business records (in the middle east) to about 600 CE, just before the rise of Islam. The Modern Age TheModernAge The period of Western culture circa 1650 to 1750 CE, in which originated the philosophical foundations and practical applications of modern science, economics, and ethics. the Kamakura Period KamakuraPeriod MomoyamaPeriod The Momoyama Period: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEaQFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HistoricPeriod</a>. the Momoyama Period BronzeAge The Bronze Age The period of human history beginning with the development of bronze tools and ending with the development of iron ones. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbzhoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IronAge</a>. The period of European history after the fall of the Roman Empire, during which the Christian Church of Rome held considerable authority over popular culture and political action; ca. 600-1350 CE. The earlier part of the period was especially poor economically and culturally, but later years, in spite of significant advances in learning, were marred by the religious conflicts of the crusades, the reformation and the counter-reformation, and by devastating epidemics of plague and other diseases. The Middle Ages TheMiddleAges The period of Western culture after 1750 CE, in which Europe underwent industrialization and disseminated it to the rest of the world. Also an age of nationalism, expansionism, and colonialism. The Industrial Age TheIndustrialAge PreColumbianEra pre-Columbian Era The term used by historians to refer to the period in the Americas before the arrival of the Spanish. The ending date is set at 1492 (first contact), but may be considered to be later since many cultures did not meet the invaders until decades later. The period of human history during which tools made from iron predominated. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWfLN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BronzeAge</a>. The Iron Age IronAge EdoPeriod The Edo Period: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEaQFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HistoricPeriod</a>. the Edo Period The Stone Age The period of human history beginning with the development of stone tools and ending with the development of metal ones. StoneAge the Renaissance TheRenaissance The period of lively and optimistic intellectual, artistic, and political activity in Europe following the middle ages and preceding the modern age. Ca. 1300 (in Italy; 1400 in Europe generally) to 1650 CE. NambokuchoPeriod the Nambokucho Period The Nambokucho Period: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEaQFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HistoricPeriod</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally object-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally object-like just in case it generally holds that any proper purely temporal parts (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>. More precisely, a collection <code>COL</code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> just in case it satisfies the following: For any distinct <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then not <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. For example, none of the proper time-slices of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is itself a calendar year. Likewise for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> are both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>. Conversely, a proper time-slice of a given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> might itself be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> (e.g. an hour has minutes and seconds as time-slices); so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> is not a temporal-object-type. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally stuff-like. TemporalObjectType temporal object type The collection of significant periods of history. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCL0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheRenaissance</a>. historic period HistoricPeriod The collection of significant periods of history. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCL0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheRenaissance</a>. historic period HistoricPeriod ContinuousTimeInterval continuous time interval The intersection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsiBgFCq8EdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">TemporallyContinuousThing</a> (qq.v.). Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcx7avnK6QdiKLYWCkThr9w" class="cyc_term">ContinuousTimeInterval</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimePoint</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of significant periods of history. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCL0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheRenaissance</a>. historic period HistoricPeriod historic thing HistoricTemporalThing The collection of all events, people, objects, periods, etc. which are considered to have historical significance. The membership in this collection depends upon time, place, and culture. The collection of significant periods of history. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCL0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheRenaissance</a>. historic period HistoricPeriod The collection of significant periods of history. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCL0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheRenaissance</a>. historic period HistoricPeriod The collection of significant periods of history. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCL0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheRenaissance</a>. historic period HistoricPeriod The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYbXiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType QA clarifying collection type