]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFuv35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAgreement</a> is a formal agreement among (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">agreeingAgents</a>) countries or organizations with international scope. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFuv35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAgreement</a> include treaties to end wars, trade agreements, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9xMvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NuclearNonProliferationTreaty</a>, the #$ChemicalWeaponsConvention, and the Geneva Convention. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD8ghJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Treaty</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeaceAccord</a>. international agreement InternationalAgreement international agreements peace accord PeaceAccord The collection of international agreements which aim at the settlement of questions outstanding among nations so that peace may be restored. The collection of agreements that are formally concluded between two or more geopolitical agents. Treaties are usually established in some ceremony, although they may be concluded in secret, and are usually instantiated in documents signed by the official representatives of the agent states concluding the treaty. treaty Treaty WassenaarArrangement-Agreement An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFuv35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAgreement</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrIEY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WassenaarArrangement_Agreement</a> was the first global multilateral arrangement on export controls for conventional weapons and sensitive dual-use goods and technologies. It received final approval by 33 countries in July 1996 and took effect in September 1996. These countries became the founding members of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwM7Jw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WassenaarArrangement_Organization</a>. (See <a href= "http://www.wassenaar.org">http://www.wassenaar.org</a> for futher information.) the Wassenaar Arrangement MissionStatementOfTheArabLeague the mission statement of the Arab League Vienna Convention On Diplomatic Relations knowledge ViennaConventionOnDiplomaticRelations The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsaGDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ViennaConventionOnDiplomaticRelations</a>, adopted by the United Nations Conference on Diplomatic Intercourse and Immunities in 1961, replaced earlier rules for diplomacy. This conceptual work states the guidelines by which those countries who accepted the Vienna Convention conduct diplomatic relations. See also (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIEirpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContextOfPCWFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsaGDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ViennaConventionOnDiplomaticRelations</a>). A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFuv35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAgreement</a> is a formal agreement among (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">agreeingAgents</a>) countries or organizations with international scope. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFuv35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAgreement</a> include treaties to end wars, trade agreements, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9xMvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NuclearNonProliferationTreaty</a>, the #$ChemicalWeaponsConvention, and the Geneva Convention. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD8ghJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Treaty</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeaceAccord</a>. InternationalAgreement international agreement ObjectType The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFuv35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAgreement</a> is a formal agreement among (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">agreeingAgents</a>) countries or organizations with international scope. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFuv35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAgreement</a> include treaties to end wars, trade agreements, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9xMvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NuclearNonProliferationTreaty</a>, the #$ChemicalWeaponsConvention, and the Geneva Convention. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD8ghJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Treaty</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeaceAccord</a>. InternationalAgreement international agreement Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFuv35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAgreement</a> is a formal agreement among (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">agreeingAgents</a>) countries or organizations with international scope. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFuv35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalAgreement</a> include treaties to end wars, trade agreements, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9xMvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NuclearNonProliferationTreaty</a>, the #$ChemicalWeaponsConvention, and the Geneva Convention. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD8ghJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Treaty</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeaceAccord</a>. InternationalAgreement international agreement Agreement A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r5bIxEILrQdmRDo8nIKJuMw" class="cyc_term">Policy</a> (q.v.). Each instance of this collection involves two or more parties who agree that certain propositions (which are the contents of a corresponding <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a> -- see the shared note #$AgreementNote) should be true. Making the propositions true may require some action or commitment of resources on the part of one or more of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">agreeingAgents</a>. Thus, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a> will usually involve some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Obligation</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Obligation</a> differ, however, in that an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">obligatedAgents</a> is responsible for the truth of all of the propositions over which the obligation holds. In an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a> some agents may not be so responsible. For example, in a loan agreement, the borrower agrees to give the lender back the money, but the borrower is the only <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">obligatedAgents</a> for the repayment. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">obligatedAgents</a> need not be among the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">agreeingAgents</a> in the agreement that involves or generates the obligation. Moreover, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">agreeingAgents</a> aren't always <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">obligatedAgents</a>; e.g., Wanda and Paul may agree that Paul alone is obligated to do some task. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeaceAccord</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalAgreement</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVie8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformalAgreement</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV_9d5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusinessPartnershipAgreement</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorkAgreement</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaintenanceAgreement</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPvL1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reservation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Appointment</a>. For assertions about what is "supposed to be" true, given some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a>, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4nZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ist_Agreement</a>. agreement