]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. type of polymer Polymers are substances made up of very large molecules which are formed by the chaining together of smaller molecules (as in polyethylene) or by condensation and the elimination of moisture (as in nylon). Members of this collection are types, such as nylon, not particular instances of such types. PolymerType kind of polymers kinds of polymers kind of polymer types of polymer polymer types kinds of polymer polymer type Lipid lipid The collection of all lipids - greasy, non-water-soluble organic compounds found in all living cells. IgM The collection of all IgM antibodies.. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjM3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProteinStuff</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvc3k4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AntibodyIgM</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3cDeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AntibodyType</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwG7OxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolymerType</a>. AntibodyIgM protein ProteinStuff The collection of things that are made of protein as main constituent, contrast with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv0ARKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProteinMolecule</a>. RNA The collection of all instances of RNA, the chemical compound composed of individual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwSlbUpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RNAMolecule</a>s. RNAStuff AntibodyIgD The collection of all IgD antibodies. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjM3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProteinStuff</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGPMe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AntibodyIgD</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3cDeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AntibodyType</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwG7OxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolymerType</a>. IgD gelatin An animal protein with many uses in food, medicine, and other areas. With flavorings and a high water content, it's a tasty dessert; in a dry form, it can be used to coat or contain medicines. Gelatin The collection of all IgG. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjM3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProteinStuff</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxfJEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AntibodyIgG</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3cDeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AntibodyType</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRn1i8PJ9QdaWb5oTir-gPg" class="cyc_term">PolyCompoundChemicalType</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwG7OxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolymerType</a>. IgG AntibodyIgG The collection of all instances of DNA, the chemical compound composed of individual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpIyn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DNAMolecule</a>s. DNA DNAStuff This is the collection of all instances of latex. Latex is a synthetic rubber-like material that is used to make surgical and Platex gloves as well as clothing. In the latter case, it is generally very shiny. Latex-Stuff latex AntibodyIgA IgA The collection of all IgA antibodies. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjM3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProteinStuff</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveX3cpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AntibodyIgA</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3cDeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AntibodyType</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRn1i8PJ9QdaWb5oTir-gPg" class="cyc_term">PolyCompoundChemicalType</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwG7OxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolymerType</a>. a polysaccharide that is the main constituent of the cell walls of plants. cellulose Cellulose IgE The collection of all IgEantibodies. . A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjM3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProteinStuff</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtdC-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AntibodyIgE</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3cDeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AntibodyType</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwG7OxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolymerType</a>. AntibodyIgE The collection of all keratin, a type of fibrous protein that form the structure of horny epidermal tissues such as hair and nails. Keratin contains sulfur. keratin Keratin type of polymer PolymerType Polymers are substances made up of very large molecules which are formed by the chaining together of smaller molecules (as in polyethylene) or by condensation and the elimination of moisture (as in nylon). Members of this collection are types, such as nylon, not particular instances of such types. type of polymer PolymerType Polymers are substances made up of very large molecules which are formed by the chaining together of smaller molecules (as in polyethylene) or by condensation and the elimination of moisture (as in nylon). Members of this collection are types, such as nylon, not particular instances of such types. The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString chemical substance A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> whose instances are defined only by their chemical composition -- not by their physical state or any other property. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> can be of two varieties: (1) Collections whose instances are completely uniform with each other in terms of chemical composition; this includes (a) the chemical elements -- such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carbon</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oxygen</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi6UpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hydrogen</a> -- which are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons</a> (thus, the latter is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>), and (b) chemical compounds constituted of more than one substance chemically bonded, e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkLW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Caffeine</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8YZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IronOxide</a>, which are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a> (2) Substances which have a general chemical specification, that is, whose instances do not have exactly the same chemical composition but fall within certain specifications, e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXHLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DNAStuff</a>. Note that collections that are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> include collections of substances which have some component which is of overriding significance in some context, so that in everyday language such substances are frequently referred to by the name of their important component (e.g., "penicillin" applied to a tablet containing penicillin), but which have significant admixtures of other substances. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Penicillin</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>, but the collection of tablets containing penicillin and including other ingredients is not. Also, specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjon5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mixture</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lemonade</a>, are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>, because mixtures are determined by their physical state rather than solely by their chemical composition. ChemicalSubstanceType