]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. software object SoftwareObject A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is the most general collection of software. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is either an individual computer program, a computer program module, a software package, a software library file (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rweCO2l0oEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ComputerSoftwareLibrary_CW</a>), or a version or series thereof. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is such that either it (or a member of the version series that constitutes it) could conceivably be instantiated in code that could run on some computer system, even if the code has not been written yet, and even if it could not run independently of other code (see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPDQI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramModule_CW</a>). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> does not include purely data objects that software could operate on. Pine, Pine version 4.20, and Pine versions 4.20 through 4.33 inclusive are each instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is partitioned into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBI78ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionSeries</a>. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_%28computer_science%29 software objects EMailAddressDisclosureFault e-mail address disclosure fault A program has this fault if it discloses <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailAddress</a>es that it shouldn't. UnauthorizedADKFault unauthorized ADK fault A program has an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvs0IXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnauthorizedADKFault</a> if it allows an attacker to add an unauthorized Additional Decryption Key (ADK) to a user's public key. Attackers who are able to thus modify a victim's public key will be able to decrypt any data encrypted with the key. insecure java code fault InsecureJavaCodeFault A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBI78ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionSeries</a> is a series consisting of versions of software. A positive example is the Pine versions 4.0 through 4.5 inclusive. Negative examples include Pine and Pine version 4.0, which are both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBI78ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionSeries</a> are disjoint and they partition the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a>. software version series SoftwareVersionSeries computer software library The collection of all conceptual computer libraries [<font color="#ff0000">#$ComputerLibrary-CW</font>] which contain software modules. ComputerSoftwareLibrary-CW file globbing heap corruption fault FileGlobbingHeapCorruptionFault HTML tag javascript filtering bypass fault HTMLTagJavascriptFilteringBypassFault <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvecFxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExternalAccessToAccountsFault_Root</a> is an attribute of some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. A program has this fault when it allows unauthorized remote users access to a root account on the system. external access to root account fault ExternalAccessToAccountsFault-Root PlaintextApplicationPasswordCookieFault plaintext application password cookie fault SoftwareObject-Individual software A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a> is either a versioned or unversioned non-series software object, such as a program, a version of a program, a software package, or a library. Positive examples include Netscape Navigator, Netscape Navigator version 4.76, glibc, and SUNWzip. Negative examples include Netscape Navigator versions 3 through 4 inclusive, which is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBI78ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionSeries</a> (q.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBI78ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionSeries</a> are disjoint and they partition <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a>. software object SoftwareObject A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is the most general collection of software. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is either an individual computer program, a computer program module, a software package, a software library file (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rweCO2l0oEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ComputerSoftwareLibrary_CW</a>), or a version or series thereof. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is such that either it (or a member of the version series that constitutes it) could conceivably be instantiated in code that could run on some computer system, even if the code has not been written yet, and even if it could not run independently of other code (see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPDQI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramModule_CW</a>). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> does not include purely data objects that software could operate on. Pine, Pine version 4.20, and Pine versions 4.20 through 4.33 inclusive are each instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is partitioned into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBI78ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionSeries</a>. The collection of all pieces of technology. Instances are artifacts, typically devices and machines, but also computer programs and other constructed systems that are 1) the result of applying scientific knowledge to real-world problems, and 2) can be used as a tool in the construction of additional artifacts (e.g., technology, such as a bulldozer or a crane, used in the construction of a building) or in generating a desired state of affairs, such as the creation of an artificial environment (e.g., technology used in refrigeration). Note that there is a normative sense of the word "technology" that refers to new or relatively modern pieces of technology, which this this collection does not represent. piece of technology Technology-Artifact candidate KB completeness node CandidateKBCompletenessNode first-order collection An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNooX_CChEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FixedOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> is the collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (q.v.) Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. FirstOrderCollection software object SoftwareObject A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is the most general collection of software. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is either an individual computer program, a computer program module, a software package, a software library file (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rweCO2l0oEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ComputerSoftwareLibrary_CW</a>), or a version or series thereof. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is such that either it (or a member of the version series that constitutes it) could conceivably be instantiated in code that could run on some computer system, even if the code has not been written yet, and even if it could not run independently of other code (see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPDQI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramModule_CW</a>). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> does not include purely data objects that software could operate on. Pine, Pine version 4.20, and Pine versions 4.20 through 4.33 inclusive are each instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is partitioned into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBI78ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionSeries</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <font color="#ff0000">#$KRAKEN</font> application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KE clarifying collection type KEClarifyingCollectionType conceptual work ConceptualWork A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9p3wpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedPracticeOrWork</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a> is a partially abstract work (in the sense that each instance has a beginning in time, but lacks a location in space) which either has an associated <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> (q.v.) or has a version with an associated <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>. Conceptual works or versions of conceptual works can be instantiated in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (q.v.); every such instantiation of a conceptual work will also be an instantiation of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfAugpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualWork</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Book_CW</a>. software object SoftwareObject A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is the most general collection of software. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is either an individual computer program, a computer program module, a software package, a software library file (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rweCO2l0oEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ComputerSoftwareLibrary_CW</a>), or a version or series thereof. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is such that either it (or a member of the version series that constitutes it) could conceivably be instantiated in code that could run on some computer system, even if the code has not been written yet, and even if it could not run independently of other code (see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPDQI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramModule_CW</a>). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> does not include purely data objects that software could operate on. Pine, Pine version 4.20, and Pine versions 4.20 through 4.33 inclusive are each instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is partitioned into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBI78ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionSeries</a>. software object SoftwareObject A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is the most general collection of software. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is either an individual computer program, a computer program module, a software package, a software library file (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rweCO2l0oEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ComputerSoftwareLibrary_CW</a>), or a version or series thereof. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is such that either it (or a member of the version series that constitutes it) could conceivably be instantiated in code that could run on some computer system, even if the code has not been written yet, and even if it could not run independently of other code (see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPDQI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramModule_CW</a>). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> does not include purely data objects that software could operate on. Pine, Pine version 4.20, and Pine versions 4.20 through 4.33 inclusive are each instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is partitioned into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBI78ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionSeries</a>.