]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ra50_OGkMEdaAAACQJ5T1Bg" class="cyc_term">AgentNowTerminated</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a> is a dead, formerly living organism. If the sentence, "(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ORG <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a>)" is true, it means that ORG was once an organism (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a>) which was alive and that ORG underwent death (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dying</a>) at some time prior to the time at which "(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ORG <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a>)" is true. dead organism Deceased http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death dead dead organisms deader deadest dead tree (DeadPhysicalRemainsFn Tree-ThePlant) Dale Carnegie DaleCarnegie-Author Patsy Cline PatsyCline Joan Crawford JoanCrawford William Golding WilliamGolding Alfred Nobel was a swedish chemist reknowned for the development of explosives, including <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwH6055wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dynamite</a>. He established the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrize</a>. AlfredNobel Alfred Nobel Lady Elizabeth Southerden Butler LadyElizabethSoutherdenButler-TheArtist EzraPound Ezra Pound JoanMiro-TheArtist Joan Miro SamPeckinpah-MovieDirector Sam Peckinpah Ian McKellen SirIanMcKellen James Polk JamesPolk John Cage JohnCage-Author James Tissot JamesTissot-TheArtist EddRoush-BaseballPlayer Edd Roush Adlai E Stevenson Jr AdlaiEStevensonJr Morey Amsterdam MoreyAmsterdam DaleEvans Dale Evans ThedaBara Theda Bara NatalieWood Natalie Wood Shmuel Agnon ShmuelYosefAgnon Juan Jimenez JuanRamonJimenez Jean Seberg JeanSeberg GeorgePeppard George Peppard Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), born in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0u5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Kentucky_State</a>, practiced law in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfSpringfieldIL</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitlJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Illinois_State</a>) and held several public offices there. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBiTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbrahamLincoln</a> was elected the 16th president of the United States and he was the Union's leader during the #$UnitedStatesCivilWar. He was assassinated by the actor <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCgL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JohnWilkesBooth</a>. Abe Lincoln AbrahamLincoln Francis Bacon FrancisBacon-TheArtist GeorgeSanders George Sanders Thomas Jefferson ThomasJefferson The 3rd president of the US DeanMartin Dean Martin Sharon Tate SharonTate Fra Angelico FraAngelico-TheArtist MartinLuther-ReligiousFigure German theologian, founder of the Lutheran religion, chiefly responsible for the Protestant reformation. He lived from 1483 to 1546. Martin Luther VeronicaLake Veronica Lake David Niven DavidNiven EdwinPowellHubble-HistoricPerson Edwin Powell Hubble JudyGarland Judy Garland Paul Heyse PaulJohannLudwigHeyse Sinclair Lewis SinclairLewis Henri Rousseau HenriRousseau-TheArtist Freddie Prinze FreddiePrinzeJr Rod Serling RodSerling Einar Benediktsson EinarBenediktsson Gilbert Gilbert Buddy Holly BuddyHolly WalterPayton Walter Payton Romain Rolland RomainRolland Leslie Howard LeslieHoward John Adams JohnAdams The 2nd president of the US. MillardFillmore Millard Fillmore James Ensor JamesEnsor-TheArtist Henryk Sienkiewicz HenrykSienkiewcz An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBS0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesPresident</a>. 19th President of the United States; his administration removed federal troops from the South and so ended the Reconstruction Period (1822-1893). Rutherford B. Hayes RutherfordBHayes PieTraynor-BaseballPlayer Pie Traynor JanVanEyck-TheArtist Jan Van Eyck OdilonRedon-TheArtist Odilon Redon The most important logician of the twentieth century. He demonstrated the completeness of the first-order predicate calculus and the incompleteness of any formal system strong enough to demonstrate the truths of Peano arithmetic. He also made important contributions to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv36W7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetTheory</a> and to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Physics</a>. KurtGodel Kurt Godel Louis Jourdan LouisJourdan JohnSingletonCopley-TheArtist John Singleton Copley Christy Mathewson ChristyMathewson-BaseballPlayer ErikErikson Erik Erikson Mickey Mantle MickeyMantle-BaseballPlayer Bert Convy BertConvy Harry Martinson HarryMartinson EricFleming Eric Fleming HennyYoungman Henny Youngman DorothyParker-Author Dorothy Parker Louis Pasteur LouisPasteur Thomas Hart Benton ThomasHartBenton-TheArtist Stan Kenton StanKenton ThomasEdison Thomas Edison Aristotle is an ancient Greek philosopher. Aristotle Aristotle EliasCanetti Elias Canetti MargaretHamilton Margaret Hamilton James Naismith JamesNaismith CharlieRich Charlie Rich Agatha Christie AgathaChristie-Author <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfLbQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JamesHutton</a> is considered the father of modern <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7vJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Geology</a>. JamesHutton James Hutton AdamSmith Adam Smith Adam Smith, the Scottish economist who wrote The Wealth of Nations. RoyCampanella-BaseballPlayer Roy Campanella LauraIngallsWilder-Author Laura Ingalls Wilder Trajan-RomanEmperor <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6zfYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Trajan_RomanEmperor</a> (Marcus Ulpius Traianus, Caesar Augustus Nervae Germanicus Decicus Parthicus, 53-117 A.D.) was a spanish-roman soldier who was adopted by the emperor Nerva and became co-emperor, and sole emperor of the Roman Empire from 98 to 177 A.D. A great general and effective ruler, he brought the empire to its greatest territorial extent when he conquered Dacia and most of Parthia. He partly drained the Pontine Marshes. He died in Cilicia and was succeeded as emperor of Rome by his adopted son Hadrian. He was deified after his death. Trajan Charles Laughton CharlesLaughton Joan of Arc JoanOfArc Patron saint of France and national heroine who led the resistance to the English invasion of France during the Hundred Years War. The first woman to receive a Nobel Prize. Received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pierre Curie for 'joint researches on the radiation phenomenon discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel' and the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 'discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element'. MarieCurie Marie Curie ReneMagritte-TheArtist Rene Magritte DougMcClure Doug McClure Thomas Aquinas Also known as the angelic doctor. born: 1225. died: 1274. A monk noted both for his physical bulk and his affect on the development of Christian Theology. Aquinas moved the church's scholarly emphasis away from Plato, and toward Aristotle. This opened the door for theologians to argue on the basis of human reason, and not merely faith alone. Aquinas thus had an enormous effect on the development of Western Science, since questioning how the world worked was now considered a laudable subject of religious inquiry. ThomasAquinas ChristianMommsen Christian Matthias Mommsen ParFabianLagerkvist Par Lagerkvist GodTheSon God The Son The new testament (i.e., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQB295wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChristianPerson</a>) sub-abstraction of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GodOfAbrahamIsaacAndJacob</a> in which the godhead is viewed as a Son of God (see also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4zfBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GodTheFather</a>) PabloPicasso-TheArtist Pablo Picasso Pericles was an Athenian statesman and military leader. He lived during the 5th century BC, and is credited with fostering the development of Athens - both as the seat of an empire, and as a democracy. Pericles Pericles Arthur Schopenhauer ArthurSchopenhauer Fats Waller FatsWaller MiguelAngelAsturias Miguel Asturias Alfred Whitehead <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViLypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AlfredNorthWhitehead</a> is a philosopher who is best known for his collaboration in mathematics and logic with his pupil <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViLgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BertrandRussell</a>. Also, he developed a general and systematic process metaphysics. AlfredNorthWhitehead William Frawley WilliamFrawley MaryBakerEddy Mary Baker Eddy SiddharthaGautama Siddhartha Gautama More famously known as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveeai5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Buddha</a>. A soothsayer is said to have predicted at Siddhartha's birth that he would become a world ruler or a world teacher. His father, King Suddhodana, of the warrior caste, raised him in great luxury, but at the age of 29 Siddhartha renounced the world to become a wandering ascetic and search for a solution to the problems of death and human suffering. After six years of spiritual discipline, he achieved supreme enlightenment at the age of 35 while meditating under a pipal tree at Bodh Gaya. He spent the rest of his life teaching his doctrines and establishing a community of monks, the sangha, to continue his work. SalvatoreQuasimodo Salvatore Quasimodo AnwarSadat Anwar Sadat This is the Egyptian President who shared the Nobel Prize for Peace with Menachim Begin for the Camp David Accords. He was subsequently assassinated by islamic extemists, see #$AssassinationOfAnwarSadat. AlfredEisenstaedt-TheArtist Alfred Eisenstaedt JeanVigo-MovieDirector Jean Vigo CharlesPeirce <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvwMvxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharlesPeirce</a> was the first significant American <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-Pbe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Logician</a>. Charles Peirce Camille Pissarro CamillePissarro-TheArtist WilliamHowardTaft William Taft Bramante DonatoBramante-Architect David Hume DavidHume George Armstrong Custer GeorgeArmstrongCuster GeorgeFrederickWatts-TheArtist George Frederick Watts Phil Hartman PhilHartman Jesus of Nazareth The individual that christians believe to be the messiah, or first coming of the Lord as predicted in the Judaic scriptures. Born in Bethlehem, died in Jerusalem (in the #$CrucifixionOfJesus) but associated with the city of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCPA0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfNazareth</a>, where his family settled after returning from exile in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Egypt</a>. JesusOfNazareth Stephen Saunders StephenSaunders British Defense Attache to Greece, killed in an attack by #$RevolutionaryOrganization17November Wally Cox WallyCox LionelBarrymore Lionel Barrymore JosephineBaker-Dancer Josephine Baker WilliamDesmondTaylor-MovieDirector William Desmond Taylor ArturoToscanini Arturo Toscanini JohanJongkind-TheArtist Johan Jongkind King Richard III KingRichardIII FranzJosephGall The inspirator of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUmC3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Phrenology</a>. These theories have long been discredited but Gall's work remain of great significant in the understanding of the early roots of modern theories of cerebral localization and neuroscience. Franz Gall Chris Farley ChrisFarley Baruch Spinoza BaruchSpinoza Tris Speaker TrisSpeaker-BaseballPlayer Sigrid Undset SigridUndset John Candy JohnCandy JacintoBenavente Jacinto Benavente Naguib Mahfouz NaguibMahfouz The German rhetorical stylist, philosopher of ethics and essayist who is famous for his development of the notion of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzoMs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nietzschean_Superman</a>, or UberMensch, a person who sets his/her own moral standards and is not dependent on the approval or approbation of his social group. Despite his remarkable misanthropy and misogyny, Nietzsche never directed his bile against any single ethnic grouping in fact, it was a distaste for racism in general that caused him to end his friendship with the German composer <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDzbIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RichardWagner</a>. Nonetheless, his moral standpoint was open to misinterpretation, and his philosophies on the superman mentality were later adopted and perverted by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GermanNaziParty</a>. Friedrich Nietzsche FriedrichNietzsche EdnaPurviance Edna Purviance JaroslavSeifert Jaroslav Seifert Maurice Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck MauriceMaeterlinck Groucho Marx GrouchoMarx KarlAdolphGjellerup Karl Gjellerup Hans Holbein HansHolbein-TheArtist PatNixon Pat Nixon IrvingBerlin Irving Berlin SenatorJosephMcCarthy Senator Joseph McCarthy GeorgeSPatton George S. Patton Joseph Cornell JosephCornell-TheArtist CharlesPierce Charles Pierce Jerry Garcia JerryGarcia Cary Grant CaryGrant MaudAdams Maud Adams AlfredTarski Alfred Tarski is, with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvarT5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KurtGodel</a>, one of the founders of contemporary logic. His papers on the theory of truth and logical consequence, as well as his studies on axiomatic geometry, are commonly identified as the starting point of formal semantics and model theory. Born Alfred Teitelbaum in Russian-occupied Poland, he converted to Catholicism and changed his name to Tarski, apparently in an outburst of Polish nationalism following the Russian retreat in #$WorldWarI. Whatever the motive, the conversion did little to mollify the numerous anti-semites in Polish academia: Tarski wrote his seminal papers while teaching mathematics in high school. He later moved to the United States and had a distinguished career at the University of California, where his students included Solomon Feferman and Richard Montague. Alfred Tarski DiegoRivera-TheArtist Diego Rivera AdamElsheimer-TheArtist Adam Elsheimer OttoPreminger Otto Preminger AlJolson Al Jolson Tse-tung Mao MaoTse-tung Antoine De Saint-Exupery AntoineDeSaint-Exupery FranklinPierce Franklin Pierce Kaspar One of the three wise men (or magi) that visited <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusOfNazareth</a> at the nativity. Kaspar AlbertThoralfSkolem Albert Skolem Bjoernstjerne Bjoernson BjoernstjerneBjoernson FrancoisMauriac Francois Mauriac Charles Dickens CharlesDickens Brian Jones BrianJones-Musician Ernst Haeckel ErnstHaeckel GabrielaMistral Gabriela Mistral Wladyslaw Reyment WladyslawReyment William Faulkner WilliamFaulkner CamiloJoseCela Camilo Cela Gene Siskel GeneSiskel Horatio Potter HoratioPotter-Bishop The Rt. Rev. Horatio Potter (1802-1887), 19th Century American clergyman, a priest and bishop [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwN8hS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bishop_Clerical</a>] in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEsjM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EpiscopalianReligion</a>. He attended Union Theological Seminary, became a priest, and later bishop of New York. He married Mary Jane Tomlinson. In 1865 he created the order of the Sisters of St. Mary, and in 1873 he founded <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFAgb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StJohnTheDivineCathedral_NewYork</a>, the largest cathedral in the Western Hemisphere (where he is entombed behind the altar). He was succeeded as bishop of New York by his nephew, Henry Codman Potter in 1887. AntoninArtaud Antonin Artaud Matisse-TheArtist Henri Matisse Bram Stoker BramStoker Bram (Abraham) Stoker was born November 8, 1847 in Dublin, Ireland. Stoker was a sickly child and spent a lot of time in bed. Growing up his mother told him a lot of horror stories. Stoker studied Math at Trinity College Dublin. After graduation he became a civil servant. At this time, he also worked as a free lance journalist, a drama critic and editor of the "Evening Mail". In 1876 he met Sir Henry Irving, a famous actor. Stoker accepted a job as a personal secretary to Irving and went to England in 1878. While working for Irving he met an aspiring actress named Florence Balcombe. They were married 1878 and had one son, Noel, born 1879. In England he also began writing a series of novels and short stories the first of which was "The Snake's Pass". Although best known for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCoeBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dracula_TheNovel</a>, Stoker wrote eighteen books before he died in 1912 of exhaustion Church was professor of mathematics at Princeton University and later professor of mathematics and philosophy at UCLA. His work has been greatly influential in the fields of mathematical logic, recursion theory, and theoretical computer science. At the time of his death, Church was widely regarded as the greatest living logician in the world. Among his greatest contributions: the lambda calculus, Church's Thesis (every effectively computable function can be computed by a recursive function). Alonzo Church AlonzoChurch Aubrey Beardsley AubreyBeardsley-TheArtist ThurmanMunson-BaseballPlayer Thurman Munson MaryPickford Mary Pickford AudreyMeadows Audrey Meadows Fred MacMurray FredMacMurray Carl Von Heindenstam CarlVonHeindenstam TallulahBankhead Tallulah Bankhead DonaldDavidson Together with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIaTXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WillardVanOrmanQuine</a>, whose student he was at Harvard, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVvCbpFGeEdaToQABAxv6tg" class="cyc_term">DonaldDavidson</a> is one of the most important figures in 20th-century Anglo-American philosophy. He developed Quine's ideas about meaning and reference in novel and -- by some accounts -- deeper ways, especially in the philosophies of mind, psychology, language and action. Davidson is renowned for a string of stunningly short papers that are now recognized as seminal works in their respective areas: meaning and Tarskian truth theories, events and causation, the logical form of action sentences, radical interpretation, the existence of alternative conceptual schemes. Davidson's interpretation of action sentences as existence claims about event particulars forms the conceptual basis for Cyc's event and actor-slot vocabulary. Donald Davidson Gloria Grahame GloriaGrahame Victor Buono VictorBuono The historical individual who, through extensive letter-writing and missionary work, began the transformation of Christianity from a Jewish reform-movement to a full-blown religion in its own right. Not a contemporary of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusOfNazareth</a>, Paul allegedly decided to devote his life to that prophet's teachings after a ghostly encounter with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3n0p5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusChrist</a> on the roadside. St. Paul Paul-GospelWriter J. L. Austin was an "ordinary language" philosopher at Oxford in the early part of the 20th century. He made major contributions to the study of speech acts. JohnLAustin J. L. Austin Noah Webster NoahWebster Thelonious Monk TheloniousMonk Hammurabi Hammurabi Hammurabi was king of Babylon in the 18th century B. C. and is credited with writing an enduring code of laws. StephenMcNally Stephen McNally JackBenny Jack Benny PabloEscobar Pablo Escobar ErnstZermelo Ernst Zermelo Ludwig Van Beethoven LudwigVanBeethoven RogerMartinDuGard Roger Du Gard HalldorKiljanLaxness Halldor Laxness Erik Karlfeldt ErikAxelKarlfeldt JohnDRockefeller John D. Rockefeller JohannCasparLavater Johann Lavater Isaac Singer IsaacBashevisSinger Eugenio Montale EugenioMontale JohnWayne John Wayne Pearl Bailey PearlBailey YasunariKawabata Yasunari Kawabata the fifth Beatle StuartSutcliffe FredericMistral Frederic Mistral Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky PeterIlyichTchaikovsky ChrisWallace Chris Wallace BruceLee Bruce Lee MarthaRaye Martha Raye <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4kaJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GottlobFrege</a> was one of the founders of modern symbolic logic. GottlobFrege Gottlob Frege NielsBohr Niels Bohr The 37th president of the US Richard Nixon RichardNixon Mahalia Jackson MahaliaJackson OscarLevant Oscar Levant WilfredSellars <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUWKLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WilfredSellars</a> was a systematic philosopher who understood the aim of philosophy as 'to understand how things in the broadest possible sense of the term hang together in the broadest possible sense of the term'. Wilfred Sellars John della Porta GiovanniBattistadellaPorta Jim Henson JimHenson An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaleHuman</a>. German philosopher whose three stage process of dialectical reasoning was adopted by Karl Marx (1770-1831). Hegel Georg Hegel NicholasRoerich-TheArtist Nicholas Roerich ThomasMoran-TheArtist Thomas Moran Anton Chekhov AntonChekhov BertoltBrecht Bertolt Brecht Mel Ott MelOtt-BaseballPlayer StephenCKleene Stephen Kleene A student of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rr9CCkSGgEdaaVQBQ2sS97Q" class="cyc_term">AlonzoChurch</a> and one of the greatest logicians of the 20th century. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rr9CpoSGgEdaaVQBQ2sS97Q" class="cyc_term">StephenCKleene</a>'s greatest influence was on theory of computability, both in its mathematical and philosophical aspects. Among its greatest contributions: the development of the theory of degrees of computability, computable ordinals and the arithmetic hierarchy; recursive realizability, an intepretation of intuitionistic mathematics in computability theory. Grazia Madesani GraziaMadesani AdaLovelace Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace was the daughter of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqfwz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LordGeorgeGordonByron</a>. She studied mathematics with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT9SsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AugustusDeMorgan</a> and worked on the first computer with #$CharlesBabbage. Augusta King JamesBell-BaseballPlayer James Bell Michael Landon MichaelLandon MarcChagall Marc Chagall ClaudeMonet-TheArtist Claude Monet JeanArp-TheArtist Jean Arp Vincent Price VincentPrice MichailSholokhov Michail Sholokhov Edward Robinson EdwardGRobinson JeanRenoir-MovieDirector Jean Renoir GeorgeBerkeley-Philosopher George Berkeley DukeEllington Duke Ellington Paul Gaugin PaulGaugin-TheArtist WinstonChurchill Sir Winston Churchill RobinGeorgeCollingwood Robin Collingwood Vivian Vance VivianVance GeorgCantor <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRYU2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeorgCantor</a> was a Russian-born German <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkB15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mathematician</a> who developed the first clear and comprehensive account of transfinite sets and numbers. Georg Cantor DonnaReed Donna Reed FridaKahlo-TheArtist Frida Kahlo Balthazzar One of the three wise men (or magi) that visited <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusOfNazareth</a> at the nativity. Balthazzar EddieCantor Eddie Cantor Jean-Honore Fragonard Jean-HonoreFragonard-TheArtist HowardHughes Howard Hughes Caspar David Friedrich CasparDavidFriedrich-TheArtist MaureenOSullivan Maureen O'Sullivan Patrick White PatrickWhite-Author EdSullivan Ed Sullivan JeanCocteau-Author Jean Cocteau Rubens PeterPaulRubens-TheArtist Sandro Botticelli SandroBotticelli-TheArtist WillardVanOrmanQuine W. V. O. Quine Willard Van Orman Quine was a 20th century metaphysician, epistemologist, and philosopher of logic and language. His main contribution to philosophy was a well-worked out skepticism towards meaning, analyticity, and modality. Lillian Gish LillianGish RaymondMassey Raymond Massey An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaleHuman</a>. United States film maker who pioneered animated cartoons and created such characters as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck; founded Disneyland (1901-1966). Walt Disney WaltDisney Luther Burbank LutherBurbank Myrna Loy MyrnaLoy Phidias Phidias Phidias was an Athenian sculptor, and the artistic director during the construction of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg_ko5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Parthenon</a>. He flourished during the 5th century BC. He is credited with establishing the general conceptions of the god <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Zeus</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyrvVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Athena_TheGoddess</a>, as well as the classical style associated with Greek art of the 4th and 5th centuries BC. Vivien Leigh VivienLeigh StanislawLesniewski Stanislaw Lesniewski Marilyn Monroe MarilynMonroe EmilSitka Emil Sitka ImmanuelKant Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who lived from 1724-1804. He is most famous for what he called his "Copernican Revolution" in philosophy, according to which the mind is neither the sole active originator of experience nor a mere passive recipient of experience; rather, the form of experience is contributed by the mind while the intuited content of experience is both necessary for empirical knowledge and a product of factors other than the mind. Immanuel Kant Hans Hofmann HansHofmann-TheArtist AndyKaufman Andy Kaufman VinceEdwards Vince Edwards Wilbur Wright WilburWright SojournerTruth Sojourner Truth EmilyCarr-TheArtist Emily Carr EdmundHusserl Edmund Husserl LouisMalle Louis Malle Jacques Thibault JacquesAnatoleThibault Andrea Mantegna AndreaMantegna-TheArtist ReggieLewis-BasketballPlayer Reggie Lewis Basketball Player MohammedSadiqAlSadr Grand Ayatollah Mohammed Sadiq al-Sadr Ethel Barrymore EthelBarrymore CarryNation Carry Nation Frederick McCubbin FrederickMcCubbin-TheArtist MaximeJonas Maxime Jonas Gary Cooper GaryCooper Dorothy Lamour DorothyLamour BobFosse Bob Fosse BarryGoldwater Barry Goldwater SigmundFreud Sigmund Freud SatyajitRay-MovieDirector Satyajit Ray ReneFrancoisArmand Rene Armand Hack Wilson HackWilson-BaseballPlayer RembrandtVanRijn Rembrandt JohannesVilhelmJensen Johannes Jensen James Dean JamesDean RudolfChristophEuken Rudolf Euken Tom Roberts TomRoberts-TheArtist Melchior One of the three wise men (or magi) that visited <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusOfNazareth</a> at the nativity. Melchior O. Henry OHenry Frans Hals FransHals-TheArtist Giorgos Seferiadis GiorgosSeferiadis Gene Autry GeneAutry BernardLawMontgomery Bernard Law Montgomery Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, a field marshal in WWII who became the darling of the British public after his victory (in 1942) at Al-Alamein in North Africa. He was the field commander of all ground forces in Normandy until 1944. RobertMitchum Robert Mitchum James McNeill Whistler JamesMcNeillWhistler-TheArtist Milton Avery MiltonAvery-TheArtist Dan Blocker DanBlocker Mickey Cochrane MickeyCochrane-BaseballPlayer LonChaney Lon Chaney Enrico Caruso EnricoCaruso Ivo Andric IvoAndric SteveMcQueen Steve McQueen GiacomoLeopardi Giacomo Leopardi JeromeKern Jerome Kern HoratioNelson Horatio Nelson MaxBeckmann-TheArtist Max Beckmann JohnTyler John Tyler Raphael Raphael-TheArtist John Gilbert JohnGilbert FrancisPicabia-TheArtist Francis Picabia Richard Wagner RichardWagner The influential German composer, most famous for his composition 'Ride of the Valkyries' and his operas 'Tannh&auml;user' and 'Parsifal'. His quest for Pan-Germanic `total art' was marred by his notorious anti-semitism. A one-time friend of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhkwypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FriedrichNietzsche</a>, Nietzsche believed Wagner to embody all the aspects of his moral Ubermensch (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzoMs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nietzschean_Superman</a>). However, Nietzsche was later to become disillusioned with Wagner's anti-semitism. Basil Rathbone BasilRathbone Adam Clayton Powell, Jr AdamClaytonPowellJr Edward Hopper EdwardHopper-TheArtist George Reeves GeorgeReeves DeForest Kelley DeforestKelley Eva Gabor EvaGabor RitaHayworth Rita Hayworth LaszloMoholy-Nagy-TheArtist Laszlo Moholy-Nagy John Hancock JohnHancock William Hogarth WilliamHogarth-TheArtist HenryJames Henry James Gerhart Hauptmann GerhartHauptmann Fred Astaire FredAstaire Joseph Beuys JosephBeuys-TheArtist SelmaLagerlof Selma Lagerlof HieronymusBosch-TheArtist Hieronymus Bosch Arthur Streeton ArthurStreeton-TheArtist Luigi Pirandello LuigiPirandello WilliamHoy-BaseballPlayer William 'Dummy' Hoy NellieFox-BaseballPlayer Nellie Fox EdAutry Ed Autry Warren Harding WarrenHarding AdolfFraenkel Adolf Fraenkel Walter Crane WalterCrane-TheArtist Egon Schiele EgonSchiele-TheArtist Brendan Behan BrendanBehan Grover Alexander GroverAlexander-BaseballPlayer Blind Lemon Jefferson BlindLemonJefferson RaoulDufy-TheArtist Raoul Dufy ClaudeLorrain-TheArtist Claude Lorrain David Janssen DavidJanssen AugustusDeMorgan Augustus De Morgan HenriBergson Henri Bergson MaryMartin Mary Martin GustaveCourbet-TheArtist Gustave Courbet Woody Guthrie WoodyGuthrie John Wesley JohnWesley-ReligiousFigure John Wesley is widely recognized as the founder of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MethodistReligion</a>. Moss Hart MossHart An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjma5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FamousHuman</a>. United States playwright who collaborated with George S. Kaufman (1904-1961). Helen Keller HelenKeller JohnCassavetes John Cassavetes AlfredSisley-TheArtist Alfred Sisley AbrahamMaslow Abraham Maslow Hal Roach HalRoach MichaelVGazzo Michael Gazzo Roberto Clemente RobertoClemente-BaseballPlayer PaulLynde Paul Lynde HenryFord Henry Ford CyYoung-BaseballPlayer Foxy Grandpa Akira Kurosawa AkiraKurosawa-MovieDirector Nelly Sachs NellySachs JamesAGarfield James Garfield WilliamHenryHarrison William Harrison Ty Cobb TyCobb-BaseballPlayer William Powell WilliamPowell Harriet Tubman HarrietTubman-HistoricPerson Nicolo Machiavelli Machiavelli-HistoricPerson Knut Hamsun KnutHamsun WilliamJames William James TodBrowning-MovieDirector Tod Browning ElizabethMontgomery Elizabeth Montgomery Humphrey Bogart HumphreyBogart Winslow Homer WinslowHomer-TheArtist Wyatt Earp WyattEarp AlbertSchweitzer Albert Schweitzer Gene Tierney GeneTierney SamKinison Sam Kinison RBuckminsterFuller R. Buckminster Fuller LouisArmstrong Louis Armstrong Montgomery Clift MontgomeryClift JohnGarfield John Garfield VicenteAleixandre Vicente Aleixandre Altichiero-TheArtist Altichiero JesusChrist Jesus Christ The divine being one of whose physical incarnations is held to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusOfNazareth</a>. JuneMarlowe June Marlowe Liberace Liberace Carl Spitteler CarlSpitteler AndrewJohnson Andrew Johnson GeorgeGobel George Gobel Aleksandr Pushkin AleksandrPushkin Christian Goldbach ChristianGoldbach-Scientist Jean Fouquet JeanFouquet-TheArtist Hans Christian Andersen HansChristianAndersen-Author GiosueCarducci Giosue Carducci Jean-PaulSartre Jean-Paul Sartre JamesAbbottMcneillWhistler-TheArtist whistler Elvis Presley ElvisPresley-Musician GottfriedWilhelmLeibniz Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz BeatrixPotter-Author Beatrix Potter Cleopatra Cleopatra-HistoricPerson Jose Eizaguirre JoseEizaguirre LeroyPaige-BaseballPlayer Satchel Paige Fatty Arbuckle FattyArbuckle Odysseus Alepoudhelis OdysseusAlepoudhelis EleanorRoosevelt Eleanor Roosevelt The Roman martyr-priest who was killed for his refusal to disavow his faith in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Christianity</a>. Possibly because his feast, February 14 (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ValentinesDay</a>), was close to a pagan <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Love</a> festival, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6frKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Valentine_TheMartyr</a> became known as a patron of lovers. The lovers' greeting cards sent on this day are called valentines or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv153YpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ValentinesCard</a>s. His feast was dropped from the liturgical calendar of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Catholicism</a> in 1969. Valentine Valentine-TheMartyr ShoelessJoe-BaseballPlayer Shoeless Joe Jackson BertrandRussell Bertrand Russell <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViLgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BertrandRussell</a> was a philosopher whose most influential contributions include his defense of logicism and his theories of definite descriptions and logical atomism. Russell is generally recognized as one of the founders of analytic philosophy. Along with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvarT5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KurtGodel</a>, he is also often credited with being one of the two most important logicians of the twentieth century. Imprisoned in 1918 for pacifism, he was increasingly engaged in political activities. In 1950 he won the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzn-O5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeForLiterature_1950</a>. Divine-TheActor Harris Milstead BorisPasternak Boris Pasternak EyvindJohnson Eyvind Johnson JohannesBrahms Johannes Brahms Peter Lorre PeterLorre Andre Gide AndreGide Brett Whiteley BrettWhiteley-TheArtist Robert Shayne RobertShayne HerbertHoover Herbert Hoover GustavKlimt-TheArtist Gustav Klimt Muhammad ibnu Abdillah was born in Mecca in the year 569 CE. He earned his living as a trader and was known by his people as al-amin (the trustworthy one). When Muhammad reached the age of 40, the angel Gabriel came to him with revelations that established his prophethood. Muhammad was first ordered to instruct his immediate family on Islam, including his beloved wife Khadija, but eventually it was revealed to him that he should begin delivering the message to all of mankind. In the next 20 years of his life, he communicated the message of Allah to his people, and set an example for how each human being should lead her or his life. This is especially valuable since Muhammad is the last Prophet of Allah. In the year 632, the year of his death, the Prophet delivered his famous last sermon. MuhammadTheProphet Muhammad JosephPulitzer Joseph Pulitzer GroverCleveland Grover Cleveland Richard Feynman RichardFeynman IvanBunin Ivan Bunin Claude Simon ClaudeSimon Leopold Stokowski LeopoldStokowski JohnEverettMillais-TheArtist Sir John Everett Millais TheodoreRoosevelt Teddy Roosevelt The 26th president of the US HafezAlAssad Hafez al-Asad President of Syria from 1971-2000. MarcusAureliusAntoninus Marcus Aurelius Antoninus WilliamDemarest William Demarest DW Griffith DWGriffith Josephine Hull JosephineHull AllenLudden Allen Ludden Rene Descartes ReneDescartes HeinrichBoll Heinrich Boll Louis Braille LouisBraille LeoDurocher-BaseballPlayer Leo Durocher MonaLisa-Person Mona Lisa, 1479-before1550, etsimated. Mona Lisa IsaacNewton Sir Isaac Newton George Shaw GeorgeBernardShaw Thomas Cole ThomasCole-TheArtist Jackie Robinson JackieRobinson-BaseballPlayer JamesBuchanan James Buchanan JohnQAdams The 6th president of the US John Quincy Adams JoosVanWassenhove-TheArtist Joos Van Wassenhove Gilbert Stuart GilbertStuart-TheArtist Oliver Hardy OliverHardy Drazen Petrovic Basketball Player DrazenPetrovic-BasketballPlayer CalvinCoolidge Calvin Coolidge Alexander The Great AlexanderTheGreat-HistoricPerson Mabel Normand MabelNormand HonusWagner-BaseballPlayer Honus Wagner Eva Peron EvaPeron TexAvery-MovieDirector Tex Avery John Belushi JohnBelushi BenjaminHarrison An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBS0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesPresident</a>. 23rd President of the United States (1833-1901). Benjamin Harrison CharlesDarwin Charles Darwin JeanPiaget Jean Piaget AlbertCamus Albert Camus Frank Chance FrankChance-BaseballPlayer Leo Ford LeoFord LeeMarvin Lee Marvin Dr Joyce Brothers DrJoyceBrothers PhilSilvers Phil Silvers FranzBrentano Franz Brentano Buster Keaton BusterKeaton Martin Van Buren MartinVanBuren Sir Francis Drake SirFrancisDrake-HistoricPerson Paul Robeson PaulRobeson Dr Benjamin Spock DrBenjaminSpock AntonioAllegriCorreggio-TheArtist Antonio Allegri Correggio DouglasFairbanksJr Douglas Fairbanks Jr Italian Labor Ministry Adviser Massimo d'Antona, assassinated in 1999 by the extreme leftist #$RedBrigades-CombatantCommunistParty. Massimo d'Antona MassimoDAntona Colette Colette GiovanniPiranesi-TheArtist Giovanni Piranesi FrancoisTruffaut Francois Truffaut Max Ernst MaxErnst-TheArtist Susan Hayward SusanHayward Pope John Paul II PopeJohnPaulII Chester Arthur ChesterAlanArthur Marcel Proust MarcelProust-Author Sam Walton SamWalton JEdgarHoover J. Edgar Hoover George Boole GeorgeBoole Pierre-PaulBroca <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQXBKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pierre_PaulBroca</a> is a French XIXth century surgeon famous for his importance in the historical development of medicine and neurosciences. He discovered the area of brain which controlle speech, now known as Broca's area or third circumvolution of the frontal lobe, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwJQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BrocasArea</a>. Pierre-Paul Broca SuicideBomber-01234 Suicide Bomber 01234 Russell Drysdale RussellDrysdale-TheArtist EdvardMunch-TheArtist Edvard Munch MildredDavis Mildred Davis ClarkGable Clark Gable LudwigWittgenstein Ludwig Wittgenstein Frank Nelson FrankNelson William Donovan WilliamJDonovan Gustave Moreau GustaveMoreau-TheArtist VernonGomez-BaseballPlayer Vernon Gomez ManRay-TheArtist Man Ray IsadoraDuncan Isadora Duncan Walter Brennan WalterBrennan Henrik Pontoppidan HenrikPontoppidan AbelGance-MovieDirector Abel Gance ElijahMcCoy Elijah McCoy AnthonyFrederickAugustusSandys-TheArtist Anthony Frederick Augustus Sandys FransEemilSillanpaa Frans Sillanpaa SamHouston Sam Houston, famous and deceased politician, who served as President of Texas, governor of Texas, US Senator from Texas, and governor of Tennessee. Sam Houston AlexisLeger Alexis Leger Henry Moore HenryMoore-TheArtist BelaBartok Bela Bartok JohnConstable-TheArtist John Constable HonoreDaumier-TheArtist Honore Daumier Joe DiMaggio JoeDiMaggio-BaseballPlayer ZacharyTaylor Zachary Taylor Richard Brooks RichardBrooks GeorgesSeurat-TheArtist Georges Seurat <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrTAcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BFSkinner</a> is a psychologist famous for introducing the notion of operant conditioning, BFSkinner B. F. Skinner DanaPlato Dana Plato IreneDunne Irene Dunne Mother Teresa MotherTeresa <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ra50_OGkMEdaAAACQJ5T1Bg" class="cyc_term">AgentNowTerminated</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a> is a dead, formerly living organism. If the sentence, "(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ORG <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a>)" is true, it means that ORG was once an organism (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a>) which was alive and that ORG underwent death (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dying</a>) at some time prior to the time at which "(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ORG <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a>)" is true. dead organism Deceased <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_6HdOlV3QdeI9PHEy04DkQ" class="cyc_term">NonInitialCollection</a> (q.v). Each instance HC of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZ4U-5JX-QdeNoJn93NBKEQ" class="cyc_term">HistoricalCollection</a> is a collection such that (i) nothing can start its existence as an instance of HC and (ii) once a thing becomes an instance of HC it necessarily remains so for the rest of time. An example of a historical collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a>. HistoricalCollection historical collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ra50_OGkMEdaAAACQJ5T1Bg" class="cyc_term">AgentNowTerminated</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a> is a dead, formerly living organism. If the sentence, "(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ORG <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a>)" is true, it means that ORG was once an organism (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a>) which was alive and that ORG underwent death (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dying</a>) at some time prior to the time at which "(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ORG <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a>)" is true. dead organism Deceased OrganismTypeByExistentialStatus A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rznUK1nSxEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">OrganismTypeByExistentialStatus</a> is a collection of organisms that share a current existential state. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rWFGntn8AEdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">organismsExistentialState</a>. existential attribute organism <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ra50_OGkMEdaAAACQJ5T1Bg" class="cyc_term">AgentNowTerminated</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a> is a dead, formerly living organism. If the sentence, "(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ORG <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a>)" is true, it means that ORG was once an organism (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a>) which was alive and that ORG underwent death (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dying</a>) at some time prior to the time at which "(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ORG <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a>)" is true. dead organism Deceased A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZ4U-5JX-QdeNoJn93NBKEQ" class="cyc_term">HistoricalCollection</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roBs6aphbQdeBmpdRzdrxxA" class="cyc_term">PostExistenceCollection</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ra50_OGkMEdaAAACQJ5T1Bg" class="cyc_term">AgentNowTerminated</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a> that has terminated. "(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> AGT <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ra50_OGkMEdaAAACQJ5T1Bg" class="cyc_term">AgentNowTerminated</a>)" is true only after the ending point of AGT, when "(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> AGT <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>)" is no longer true. Instances include defunct organizations and dead animals. AgentNowTerminated former agent Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the #$KRAKEN application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KE clarifying collection type KEClarifyingCollectionType <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ra50_OGkMEdaAAACQJ5T1Bg" class="cyc_term">AgentNowTerminated</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a> is a dead, formerly living organism. If the sentence, "(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ORG <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a>)" is true, it means that ORG was once an organism (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a>) which was alive and that ORG underwent death (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dying</a>) at some time prior to the time at which "(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ORG <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a>)" is true. dead organism Deceased post existence collection A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_6HdOlV3QdeI9PHEy04DkQ" class="cyc_term">NonInitialCollection</a> (q.v.). Each instance PEC of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roBs6aphbQdeBmpdRzdrxxA" class="cyc_term">PostExistenceCollection</a> is such that something can be an instance of PEC only after the thing's entire existence (i.e., "posthumously"). Any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roBs6aphbQdeBmpdRzdrxxA" class="cyc_term">PostExistenceCollection</a> may either be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roBs6aphbQdeBmpdRzdrxxA" class="cyc_term">PostExistenceCollection</a> permanently (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZ4U-5JX-QdeNoJn93NBKEQ" class="cyc_term">HistoricalCollection</a>) or only "intermittently" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ra0kFdJX-QdebR5OIAEc_Cg" class="cyc_term">IntermittentCollection</a>). An example of a post-existence collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a>. PostExistenceCollection