]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a>. Each instance of this collection is a human who has historical significance, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgIISJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hammurabi</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6uPRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pericles</a> and #$CheGuevara. (There is thus considerable overlap between this collection and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjma5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FamousHuman</a>, but they differ in that all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKQB3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HistoricHuman</a> exerted some real influence on the course of world events). historical figure HistoricHuman http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_figure historical persons historic figure historic people historical figures historic person historical people historical person historic persons historic figures religious figure ReligiousFigure The collection of human beings (some probably fictional, some probably not) whose lives (or the perception thereof) have played a central role in the development and tenets of some religion. Positive examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBk5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mary_MotherOfJesus</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLfpZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MartinLuther_ReligiousFigure</a>, Buddah, and Mohammed. Negative examples include specific Popes (generally, St. Peterbeing an exception), cult leaders (e.g. Jim Jones, David Koresh), and most religious leaders. This is the collection of people who are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">citizens</a> of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvo1V0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RomanEmpire</a>, or participate in its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4VbZRgIxQdeJv7K4QRyNQg" class="cyc_term">NationalCulture</a>. ancient Roman AncientRomanPerson The 18th president of the US Ulysses Grant UlyssesGrant ImmanuelKant Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who lived from 1724-1804. He is most famous for what he called his "Copernican Revolution" in philosophy, according to which the mind is neither the sole active originator of experience nor a mere passive recipient of experience; rather, the form of experience is contributed by the mind while the intuited content of experience is both necessary for empirical knowledge and a product of factors other than the mind. Immanuel Kant DeepThroat-ThePerson <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjI0e5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeepThroat_ThePerson</a> provided information to Bernstein about criminal activities in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RichardNixon</a> White House. Deep Throat Tse-tung Mao MaoTse-tung John F. Kennedy The 35th president of the US JohnKennedy King Charles XIII KingCharlesXIII Ictinus Ictinus was an Athenian architect. He lived during the 5th century BC, and designed the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg_ko5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Parthenon</a> with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv10JiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Callicrates</a>. Ictinus KingFerdinandVII King Ferdinand VII Had military success against Sir Francis Drake and the Spanish Armada. Encouraged the Protestant Church, established important legislation, and began a period of colonization. Queen Elizabeth I QueenElizabethI Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), born in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0u5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Kentucky_State</a>, practiced law in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfSpringfieldIL</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitlJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Illinois_State</a>) and held several public offices there. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBiTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbrahamLincoln</a> was elected the 16th president of the United States and he was the Union's leader during the #$UnitedStatesCivilWar. He was assassinated by the actor <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCgL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JohnWilkesBooth</a>. Abe Lincoln AbrahamLincoln King William II KingWilliamII Thomas Jefferson ThomasJefferson The 3rd president of the US BertrandRussell Bertrand Russell <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViLgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BertrandRussell</a> was a philosopher whose most influential contributions include his defense of logicism and his theories of definite descriptions and logical atomism. Russell is generally recognized as one of the founders of analytic philosophy. Along with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvarT5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KurtGodel</a>, he is also often credited with being one of the two most important logicians of the twentieth century. Imprisoned in 1918 for pacifism, he was increasingly engaged in political activities. In 1950 he won the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzn-O5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeForLiterature_1950</a>. Mohandas Gandhi MahatmaGandhi King William IV KingWilliamIV FranzKafka Franz Kafka MartinLuther-ReligiousFigure German theologian, founder of the Lutheran religion, chiefly responsible for the Protestant reformation. He lived from 1483 to 1546. Martin Luther NapoleonIII Napoleon III The last emperor of France. KingFerdinand Ferdinand V of Aragon Ferdinand V of Aragon joined Queen Isabella's Castile and his Aragon to create Spain. GeorgeWashington The 1st president of the US. George Washington KingCharlesXV King Charles XV Socrates is an ancient Greek philosopher. Socrates Socrates King George II KingGeorgeII The last British monarch to lead his troops in battle in the War Of Austrian Succession. KingFerdinandVI King Ferdinand VI SigmundFreud Sigmund Freud Moses Moses King Gustav V KingGustavV King Carl XVI Gustav KingCarlXVIGustav Noah Webster NoahWebster KingCharlesXIVJohn King Charles XIV John Hammurabi Hammurabi Hammurabi was king of Babylon in the 18th century B. C. and is credited with writing an enduring code of laws. KingWilliamI William I von Nassau, King of Netherlands Julius Caesar JuliusCaesar-HistoricPerson Rene Descartes ReneDescartes King Alfonso XIII KingAlfonsoXIII MonaLisa-Person Mona Lisa, 1479-before1550, etsimated. Mona Lisa Josef Stalin JosefStalin Queen Mary II Ruled jointly with her husband, KingWilliamIII. QueenMaryII The most important logician of the twentieth century. He demonstrated the completeness of the first-order predicate calculus and the incompleteness of any formal system strong enough to demonstrate the truths of Peano arithmetic. He also made important contributions to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv36W7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetTheory</a> and to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Physics</a>. KurtGodel Kurt Godel Mozart WolfgangAmadeusMozart HoratioNelson Horatio Nelson Queen Mary I QueenMaryI A devout Catholic, Queen Mary persecuted the Protestant Church in England, earning the nickname 'Bloody Mary.' Very unpopular. JohnQAdams The 6th president of the US John Quincy Adams Richard Wagner RichardWagner The influential German composer, most famous for his composition 'Ride of the Valkyries' and his operas 'Tannh&auml;user' and 'Parsifal'. His quest for Pan-Germanic `total art' was marred by his notorious anti-semitism. A one-time friend of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhkwypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FriedrichNietzsche</a>, Nietzsche believed Wagner to embody all the aspects of his moral Ubermensch (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzoMs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nietzschean_Superman</a>). However, Nietzsche was later to become disillusioned with Wagner's anti-semitism. Callicrates Callicrates Callicrates, an Athenian, lived during the 5th century BC. He was one of the two architects who designed the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg_ko5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Parthenon</a> (the other is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtRssZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ictinus</a>), and is credited with designing the Temple of Athena Nike, also located on the Acropolis in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfAthensGreece</a>. Xerxes Xerxes was a Persian King. He is most famous for invading Greece and losing at Salamis. Xerxes BenjaminFranklin The famous US patriot and scientist of the revolutionary war era Benjamin Franklin KingHaraldV King Harald V MichelNostradamus Nostradamus Notorious 16th century astrologer whose predictions have been recycled and reinterpreted as a foretelling of almost any famous event, from the Kennedy assassinations to #$WorldWarII. Nicolas Copernicus NicolasCopernicus Alexander The Great AlexanderTheGreat-HistoricPerson the Subcollection Of With Relation From Fn historical figure agent physically acted on Wellingtons Death Wellington KingCharlesIII King Charles III King Philip V KingPhilipV ThomasEdison Thomas Edison WillamTecumsehSherman William Tecumseh Sherman Aristotle is an ancient Greek philosopher. Aristotle Aristotle KingLeopoldII King Leopold II KingCharlesIV King Charles IV KingGustavVIAdolf King Gustav VI Adolf Tenzing Norkay TenzingNorkay 1 of the first 2 persons to climb MountEverest QueenAnne Served a reign of transition to parliamentary government. Queen Anne AdamSmith Adam Smith Adam Smith, the Scottish economist who wrote The Wealth of Nations. Democritus A Greek phiosopher, born in Abdera, near Thrace. Democritus, along with Leucippus, was the first to develop an atomistic metaphysics: only atoms and empty space exist. Democritus Edmund Burke EdmundBurke Joan of Arc JoanOfArc Patron saint of France and national heroine who led the resistance to the English invasion of France during the Hundred Years War. NikolaTesla Nikola Tesla KingGeorgeI King George I This German's inablility to speak English made him unpopular with people of Britain. ThomasMalthus Thomas Malthus Michelangelo Michelangelo, the famous Italian sculptor/painter/artist who lived from 1475-1564. Michelangelo John Wesley JohnWesley-ReligiousFigure John Wesley is widely recognized as the founder of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MethodistReligion</a>. Pericles was an Athenian statesman and military leader. He lived during the 5th century BC, and is credited with fostering the development of Athens - both as the seat of an empire, and as a democracy. Pericles Pericles Charles II of Spain KingCharlesIIOfSpain Helen Keller HelenKeller Alfred Whitehead <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViLypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AlfredNorthWhitehead</a> is a philosopher who is best known for his collaboration in mathematics and logic with his pupil <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViLgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BertrandRussell</a>. Also, he developed a general and systematic process metaphysics. AlfredNorthWhitehead Queen Isabella II QueenIsabellaII King Amadeo KingAmadeo Victor Hugo VictorHugo KingCharlesHaakonVII King Charles Haakon VII King George III KingGeorgeIII His reign is noted for expansion of empire and trade, the loss of America, the Napoleonic Wars, and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution GeorgeBerkeley-Philosopher George Berkeley Invited by Parliament to share the throne with his wife, Mary II, after the overthrow of KingJamesII. Accepted the Bill of Rights, which reduced the power of the monarch. King William III KingWilliamIII WinstonChurchill Sir Winston Churchill Karl Marx KarlMarx David Hume DavidHume KingPhilipII King Philip II Lady Jane Grey QueenJane Nominal Queen for nine days; not counted as Queen by some authorities. Beheaded in 1554. KingOlavV King Olav V NapoleonI Napoleon I Bonaparte Jesus of Nazareth The individual that christians believe to be the messiah, or first coming of the Lord as predicted in the Judaic scriptures. Born in Bethlehem, died in Jerusalem (in the #$CrucifixionOfJesus) but associated with the city of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCPA0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfNazareth</a>, where his family settled after returning from exile in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Egypt</a>. JesusOfNazareth GeorgCantor <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRYU2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeorgCantor</a> was a Russian-born German <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkB15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mathematician</a> who developed the first clear and comprehensive account of transfinite sets and numbers. Georg Cantor Benito Mussolini BenitoMussolini King Richard III KingRichardIII AdolfHitler Adolf Hitler King Oscar I KingOscarI StephenLeacock Stephen Leacock KingOscarII King Oscar II Sir Walter Scott SirWalterScott Benjamin Banneker BenjaminBanneker <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvvzLk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BenjaminBanneker</a> was an 18th century black inventor and astronomer. Themistocles Themistocles was an Athenian admiral. Themistocles The wife of Louis XVI and Queen of France from 1774 to 1792. She was guillotined in 1793. Marie Antoinette MarieAntoinette Served the longest reign in English history. QueenVictoria Queen Victoria King Alfonso XII KingAlfonsoXII King Philip IV KingPhilipIV Plato Plato is an ancient Greek philosopher. Plato KingPhilipIII King Philip III Ferdinand Magellan FerdinandMagellan <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoiP7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KingArthur</a> is either a historic person, or a legendary person whose existence has become historicised. King Arthur KingArthur Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples & Spain KingJoseph KingGustavusIVAdolphus King Gustavus IV Adolphus King Leopold I KingLeopoldI Phidias Phidias Phidias was an Athenian sculptor, and the artistic director during the construction of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg_ko5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Parthenon</a>. He flourished during the 5th century BC. He is credited with establishing the general conceptions of the god <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Zeus</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyrvVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Athena_TheGoddess</a>, as well as the classical style associated with Greek art of the 4th and 5th centuries BC. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a>. Each instance of this collection is a human who has historical significance, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgIISJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hammurabi</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6uPRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pericles</a> and #$CheGuevara. (There is thus considerable overlap between this collection and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjma5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FamousHuman</a>, but they differ in that all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKQB3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HistoricHuman</a> exerted some real influence on the course of world events). historical figure HistoricHuman A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a>. Each instance of this collection is a human who has historical significance, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgIISJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hammurabi</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6uPRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pericles</a> and #$CheGuevara. (There is thus considerable overlap between this collection and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjma5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FamousHuman</a>, but they differ in that all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKQB3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HistoricHuman</a> exerted some real influence on the course of world events). historical figure HistoricHuman A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a>. Each instance of this collection is a human who has historical significance, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgIISJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hammurabi</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6uPRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pericles</a> and #$CheGuevara. (There is thus considerable overlap between this collection and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjma5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FamousHuman</a>, but they differ in that all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKQB3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HistoricHuman</a> exerted some real influence on the course of world events). historical figure HistoricHuman A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the #$KRAKEN application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KE clarifying collection type KEClarifyingCollectionType human A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViV15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HomoGenus</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a>: this is the species to which modern humans belong, though strictly speaking (and not entirely uncontroversially amongst paleontologists) they comprise only a subset of it (namely "homo sapiens sapiens"). The species also contains Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon sub-species (both now extinct). Given the evidence of sophisticated tool-use, burial practices etc. even amongst the latter two sub-species, this collection is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveQoDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanBody</a>. HomoSapiens historic thing HistoricTemporalThing The collection of all events, people, objects, periods, etc. which are considered to have historical significance. The membership in this collection depends upon time, place, and culture. IntermittentCollection A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> (qq.v.). This is the collection of all collections of which something can be an instance during (and only during) several non-overlapping periods. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjma5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FamousHuman</a> is an intermittant collection, as a person might be famous as a child, fade into obscurity as a young adult, and then become famous again as an older adult. intermittent collection A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a>. Each instance of this collection is a human who has historical significance, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgIISJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hammurabi</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6uPRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pericles</a> and #$CheGuevara. (There is thus considerable overlap between this collection and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjma5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FamousHuman</a>, but they differ in that all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKQB3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HistoricHuman</a> exerted some real influence on the course of world events). historical figure HistoricHuman