]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. country subsidiary A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMAYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CountrySubsidiary</a> is a political region that is a direct subsidiary of some country. This collection includes states, provinces, territories, and some special districts such as Washington, D.C. CountrySubsidiary http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District district country subsidiaries districts Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrxtHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FrenchDepartment</a> are the second important administrative subdivision of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6EJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">France</a>, they usually are subsumed into a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvltmvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FrenchRegion</a>. Created by the French Revolution, departements became autonoms in 1871. #$AroundTheYear2000, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6EJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">France</a> as 100 departements, 4 of these oversea. FrenchDepartment French department FederalDistrict The collection of all federal districts. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGkyX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FederalDistrict</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMAYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CountrySubsidiary</a> which answers directly to the government of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Country</a> without being part of any intermediate body. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGkyX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FederalDistrict</a> usually contains the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkLX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">capitalCity</a> of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Country</a>. federal district UK geopolitical subdivision A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMAYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CountrySubsidiary</a>. Each instance of this collection is a subdivision of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland</a>. Important specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwhVE0OC8QdiSO83ATpq9MQ" class="cyc_term">EnglishNonUnitaryAuthority</a>, UKGeopoliticalSubdivision AdministrativeDistrict A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMAYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CountrySubsidiary</a>. Each instance is a district defined for administrative purposes. administrative district UnionTerritory-India union territory india A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMAYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CountrySubsidiary</a>. This is the collection of all the union territories of the nation of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7XJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">India</a>. A union territory is an administrative subdivision controlled directly by the national government, as opposed to states (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAhymEuoyQdierZIPEPQ94w" class="cyc_term">State_India</a>), which have their own local governments. autonomous region AutonomousRegion A collection of geopolitical entities; a sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMAYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CountrySubsidiary</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmBuaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AutonomousRegion</a> is a sub-region of a country that enjoys more powers of political and/or economic self-determination than do normal provinces of the country. MilitaryAdministrativeRegion The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMAYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CountrySubsidiary</a> that are administered by some sub-organization (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_v5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subOrganizations</a>) of a country's military, for purposes of military organization and control. Generally, but not always, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZFcx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryAdministrativeRegion</a> will be a part (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">geographicalSubRegions</a>) of the country whose military administers it. The borders of a country's <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZFcx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryAdministrativeRegion</a>s may or may not parallel the borders of such provinces and subsidiaries as may be administered by civilian governmental authority: there is, in most cases, a correlation between this congruence of borders and the extent to which military and civil authorities are intermingled within the country. military administrative region third order administrative division ThirdOrderAdministrativeDivision A subdivision of a second order administrative division. A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States. first order administrative division FirstOrderAdministrativeDivision fourth order administrative division A subdivision of a third order administrative division. FourthOrderAdministrativeDivision second order administrative division A subdivision of a first order administrative division, such as a county in a state of the United States. SecondOrderAdministrativeDivision AdDawhahMunicipalityQatar Ad Dawhah Municipality Qatar Alsace Lorraine Alsace-Lorraine Adyghea Adyghea NorthernIreland The physical and political aspects of the geographycal area called NorthernIreland. Northern Ireland Ru'us al-Jibal, the northernmost province of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViG1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oman</a>, overlooking the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StraitOfHormuz</a>. It is separated from the main part of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViG1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oman</a> by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedArabEmirates</a> and in particular by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFI1kZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fujairah_Emirate</a>. RuusAlJibal Ruus Al Jibal Montenegro Montenegro: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9J8uBDVtEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SouthernEuropeanCountry</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rXJYT2DVpEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">BalkanCountry</a>. Montenegro Madinat Ash Shamal Municipality Qatar MadinatAshShamalMunicipalityQatar Provence Provence Marjoun District, Lebanon An Administrative district of Lebanon MarjounDistrict-Lebanon Kulon Progo KulonProgo-DistrictIndonesia CityOfWashingtonDC Washington, DC The capital city (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjylZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CapitalCityOfRegion</a>) of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVikKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesOfAmerica</a>, seat of its Federal government, which is located in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpFXOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DistrictOfColumbia</a>, a specially created Federal district between the States of Maryland and Virginia. Currently, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkLPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfWashingtonDC</a> and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpFXOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DistrictOfColumbia</a> are coextensive. HongKong An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r7UPPpMkuEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">Colony_GeopoliticalEntity</a>. Formerly a Crown Colony on the coast of southern China in Guangdong province; leased by China to Britain in 1842 and returned in 1997; one of the world's leading commercial centers. Hong Kong A district in the Indian state of Assam (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1LsI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Assam_StateIndia</a>). Karbi-Anglong-District Karbi Anglong Montserrat Montserrat-Territory Montserrat: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCI6ZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Territory_UK</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMAYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CountrySubsidiary</a>. AlGhuwayriyahMunicipalityQatar Al Ghuwayriyah Kosovo-ProvinceSerbia Kosovo Scotland The physical and political aspects of the geographycal area called Scotland. Scotland Zanzibar ZanzibarTanzania ArRayyanMunicipalityQatar Ar Rayyan Municipality Qatar England England The country of England, both physical and political. The southern end of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0qZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GreatBritain_TheIsland</a>. Serbia: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTpvCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandlockedGeopoliticalEntity</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMAYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CountrySubsidiary</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Country</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rXJYT2DVpEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">BalkanCountry</a>. Serbia Serbia Brittany Brittany Wales The physical and political aspects of the geographical area called <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wales</a>. Wales Jarayan Al Batinah Municipality Qatar JarayanAlBatinahMunicipalityQatar Al Khawr Municipality Qatar AlKhawrMunicipalityQatar Chandel District Chandel-District-India <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ru-8ymLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">ArtifactualFeatureType</a> is the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6-wc8BKxEdeIXwCgydofLQ" class="cyc_term">CartographicFeatureType</a>s which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s, as opposed to naturally occuring. Positive examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaterReservoir</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Canal</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rT2uByCTVQdeVZZaE0030Zg" class="cyc_term">Airfield</a>. Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ocean</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mesa</a>. Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rummjkLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">NaturalFeatureType</a>, the corresponding collection for naturally occuring feature types. artifactual feature type ArtifactualFeatureType country subsidiary A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMAYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CountrySubsidiary</a> is a political region that is a direct subsidiary of some country. This collection includes states, provinces, territories, and some special districts such as Washington, D.C. CountrySubsidiary country subsidiary A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMAYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CountrySubsidiary</a> is a political region that is a direct subsidiary of some country. This collection includes states, provinces, territories, and some special districts such as Washington, D.C. CountrySubsidiary Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalAgent</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a>; instances of this collection control <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> includes a governing body, but is more than just that governing body. Important subcollections include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Country</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">State_Geopolitical</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjM45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Province</a>. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfTokyoJapan</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP3jsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BronxNY_Borough</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Alaska_State</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rwanda</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjunpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Singapore</a>, #$InnerMongolia, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2K8eJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Somerset_CountyEngland</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVigv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Taiwan_RepublicOfChina</a>. A central feature of this collection is that geopolitical-entities (indeed, all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a>s) are viewed in two significantly different ways with respect to two different types of geography-related microtheories. In a "physical" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvydXJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalGeographyMt</a> and its submicrotheories), geopolitical-entities are clearly distinguished from the regions they control. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> GEO-POL) is used in these contexts to denote the land mass (a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviE6a5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalRegion</a>) of a given geopolitical-entity GEO-POL. In a "dualist" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnCA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DualistGeopoliticalMt</a> and its submicrotheories), on the other hand, geopolitical-entities are viewed as being both agents and land masses (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>s). Thus, there is little need for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> in the latter sort of context. (Despite their somewhat paradoxical flavor, dualist microtheories arguably allow Cyc to mimic commonsense reasoning about geopolitical entities and regions more closely than do the stricter physicalist microtheories.) There are also some "generic" geography microtheories (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6rAIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldGeographyMt</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvr3x_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesGeographyMt</a>) which are neutral with respect to the physical and dualist views. Also see the shared-note for this constant. GeopoliticalEntity political entity geopolitical entities geography topic GeopoliticalEntities-Geography-Topic country subsidiary A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMAYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CountrySubsidiary</a> is a political region that is a direct subsidiary of some country. This collection includes states, provinces, territories, and some special districts such as Washington, D.C. CountrySubsidiary country subsidiary A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMAYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CountrySubsidiary</a> is a political region that is a direct subsidiary of some country. This collection includes states, provinces, territories, and some special districts such as Washington, D.C. CountrySubsidiary country subsidiary A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMAYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CountrySubsidiary</a> is a political region that is a direct subsidiary of some country. This collection includes states, provinces, territories, and some special districts such as Washington, D.C. CountrySubsidiary