]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. focused technology field A collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNS11ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FocusedTechnologyField</a> is a focused area of technology, understood here as applied science. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj3_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerAidedDesign</a> and DigitalImaging. Broader fields of study such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EngineeringField</a> should not be included in this collection. FocusedTechnologyField The field of study whose focus are applications of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtificialIntelligence</a> to action planning for and control of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr1pJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Robot</a>s. Robotics robotics NuclearEngineeringField nuclear engineering A subfield of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EngineeringField</a> that deals with nuclear technology. VirtualReality-TechField The field of study whose focus is the simulation of sensory experience. virtual reality RequirementsManagement requirements management Computer aided design: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNS11ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FocusedTechnologyField</a>. ComputerAidedDesign computer aided design focused technology field FocusedTechnologyField A collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNS11ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FocusedTechnologyField</a> is a focused area of technology, understood here as applied science. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj3_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerAidedDesign</a> and DigitalImaging. Broader fields of study such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EngineeringField</a> should not be included in this collection. ObjectType The collection of all collections that are &quot;object-like&quot; in at least one respect. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is <i>not</i> itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>; when this happens <code><b>COL</b></code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code><b>PARTPRED</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<b>PARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> does <i>not</i> hold. (Also sufficient for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code><b>INVPARTPRED</b></code> of the <i>inverse</i> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(<b>INVPARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>OBJ1</b>)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in <i>nearly</i> all cases, <code><b>COL</b></code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is <i>not</i> an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object FieldOfStudy A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> is a particular area of study, with its own distinctive set of theories, hypotheses, and problems. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> are typically the subject of teaching and/or research within instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> (q.v.), although one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> may cover several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQB9LpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtHistory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Physics</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtificialIntelligence</a>. field of study focused technology field FocusedTechnologyField A collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNS11ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FocusedTechnologyField</a> is a focused area of technology, understood here as applied science. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj3_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerAidedDesign</a> and DigitalImaging. Broader fields of study such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EngineeringField</a> should not be included in this collection. focused technology field FocusedTechnologyField A collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNS11ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FocusedTechnologyField</a> is a focused area of technology, understood here as applied science. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj3_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerAidedDesign</a> and DigitalImaging. Broader fields of study such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EngineeringField</a> should not be included in this collection.