]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. public speaking PublicSpeaking Relatively formal public speaking. Usually a podium or lecture is involved. A group of people are in the audience. The stuff spoken is usually non-fiction prose. Theatrical performances are not in this category (else rules like sender is stationary would be wrong). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_speaking speech speeches address addresses delivering a stump speech The collection of public speaking events performed by (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>, q.v.) someone running for public office, delivered as part of that person's campaign (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQB5gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoliticalElectionCampaign</a>). DeliveringAStumpSpeech sermon Sermon The speaking that a church leader does in front of the church members during a church service. Presentation presentation A lot like lecturing except the audience members may be skeptical and are more likely to be peers of the speaker rather than students. Also the topic is likely to be business or technically related. Lecturing lecture A collection of communication actions, a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOz-DJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PublicSpeaking</a>. Each instance of this collection is an action where some primary actor(s) are mostly speaking and audience members are mostly listening. the Gettysburg Address GettysburgAddress-Speech public speaking PublicSpeaking Relatively formal public speaking. Usually a podium or lecture is involved. A group of people are in the audience. The stuff spoken is usually non-fiction prose. Theatrical performances are not in this category (else rules like sender is stationary would be wrong). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> <b>TERM1</b> <b>TERM2</b>)</code> means that <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is <i>broader</i> than <code><b>TERM1</b></code>, in an extremely general sense of &quot;broader&quot;. For example, <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code><b>TERM1</b></code> if any of the following hold:<br><br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection that subsumes <code><b>TERM1</b></code>; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection that has <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as an instance; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as parts; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> has <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as a part; <br><br> This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> <b>TERM1</b> <b>TERM2</b>)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm public speaking PublicSpeaking Relatively formal public speaking. Usually a podium or lecture is involved. A group of people are in the audience. The stuff spoken is usually non-fiction prose. Theatrical performances are not in this category (else rules like sender is stationary would be wrong). public speaking PublicSpeaking Relatively formal public speaking. Usually a podium or lecture is involved. A group of people are in the audience. The stuff spoken is usually non-fiction prose. Theatrical performances are not in this category (else rules like sender is stationary would be wrong). Event event An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> and thus also of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtM0npht0QdiUF94Dipp7Pg" class="cyc_term">TemporallyExistingThing</a> (qq.v). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> is a dynamic situation in which the state of the world changes; each instance is something one would say &quot;happens&quot;. Events are intangible because they are changes <i>per se</i>, not tangible objects that effect and undergo changes. <p/> Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjJE4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedTransfer</a>. <p/> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s should not be confused with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s (q.v.). The temporal bounds of events are delineated by time intervals, but in contrast to many events time intervals have no spatial location or extent. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCO_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Debate</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxwV15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event_Organized</a>. Instances are debates between two or more parties in a public forum, where, unlike other debates, the participants do not necessarily intend to change the views of their opponents, but to sway (or at least present a more polished and well-argued case to) members of the audience. public debate PublicDebate Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString skilled activity This is the collection of collections of activities which require some specialized skill to perform--i.e., to play any role which is a specPred of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>. So, all skilled activities are learned, but not all learned activities are skilled. For instance, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm8XOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LearnedActivityType</a> but not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>. Since every normal person learns to walk, it requires no special skill. In contrast, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYn_nZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Juggling</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>, for most people do not know how to juggle. SkilledActivityType public speaking PublicSpeaking Relatively formal public speaking. Usually a podium or lecture is involved. A group of people are in the audience. The stuff spoken is usually non-fiction prose. Theatrical performances are not in this category (else rules like sender is stationary would be wrong). PerformingInFrontOfGroup performing public speaking PublicSpeaking Relatively formal public speaking. Usually a podium or lecture is involved. A group of people are in the audience. The stuff spoken is usually non-fiction prose. Theatrical performances are not in this category (else rules like sender is stationary would be wrong). public speaking PublicSpeaking Relatively formal public speaking. Usually a podium or lecture is involved. A group of people are in the audience. The stuff spoken is usually non-fiction prose. Theatrical performances are not in this category (else rules like sender is stationary would be wrong). SpokenCommunicating speaking A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpokenCommunicating</a> is a transmission of sound-borne verbal information by spoken words between two or more agents (in this way <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpokenCommunicating</a> differs from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speaking</a>, which is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1IRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a>). The communication may be one-way or two-way (or multi-way). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpokenCommunicating</a> include a telephone conversation, a classroom discussion, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCayZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GettysburgAddress_Speech</a>.