]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. tower Tower A manmade structure, higher than its diameter, generally used for observation, storage, or electronic transmission. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower towers The collection of cooling towers. Cooling towers circulate water and put it in contact with air to cool it for re-use, typically in utility and chemical processing facilities. cooling tower CoolingTower Skyscraper skyscraper Modern, urban buildings with many, many stories. Often contain many offices. steeple The collection of steeples, towers that form parts of building, especially churches. Steeple control tower ControlTower The collection of control tower. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-uQ55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ControlTower</a> house persons and equipment used to control the flow of air, rail, or marine traffic. lookout tower ObservationTower The collection of observation towers, typically located in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVAaWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Forest</a>s and used to visually detect forest fires. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPK8UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tower</a> with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjz8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Clock</a>(s) enabling people to tell the time from significant distances. A modern <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv0Rx4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClockTower</a> may have faces on four sides which can be read from far away, or may sound the time with bell(s), drums(s), gong(s), etc. It is possible for there to be rooms or offices within a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv0Rx4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClockTower</a>. ClockTower clock tower CommunicationTower communications tower A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPK8UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tower</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWaOvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationsFacility</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_9a9xu8qEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">CommunicationTower</a>s are freestanding, fixed structures that are used primarily to support various communications platforms, such as radio transmitters. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAoirau8rEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">RadioTower</a>. Also, this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_VHrKu8qEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">StorageTower</a>, which are used primarily for storing materials such as water and grain. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rajc5sEpOEdqAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">CatalyticCracker</a> is a unit is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfrJZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OilRefinery</a> where the long hydrocarbon chains in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjb0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Petroleum_CrudeOil</a> are broken, or 'cracked' into smaller hydrocarbon chains as part of the oil refining process. See (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8IfS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RefiningFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjb0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Petroleum_CrudeOil</a>). catalytic cracker CatalyticCracker industrial chimney Smokestack The collection of industrial chimneys. bell tower Cathedrals definitely have one, as do many other church buildings. A tower that houses a bell. BellTower pylon a (usually steel) tower used for support Pylon tower that is not a communications tower (CollectionDifferenceFn Tower CommunicationTower) windmill An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rejmDbrF_QdeIENT1qpbYzQ" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_LZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WindPoweredDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Windmill</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPK8UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tower</a> with multiple rotating <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPSCNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vane</a>s mounted on it, used for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpKyefqkEQdiLCvelbLSkkA" class="cyc_term">GeneratingPower</a> from the wind (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjorZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WindProcess</a>). Windmill Pagoda Far Easterm towers serving a shrines, usually part of a temple or monastery. pagoda SpaceNeedle the Space Needle the Eiffel Tower EiffelTower the Washington Monument WashingtonMonumentInWashingtonDC TrajansColumn <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUV2NJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrajansColumn</a> is a tall monumental column built in about 108 A.D. on a hill in Rome to commemorate the conquest of Dacia by the Roman emperor Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Traiano). It has a unique helical frieze wrapped around the column with deep bas-relief carvings showing the Roman exploits in Dacia, hundreds of feet long. Later, Roman Catholics replaced the statue of Trajan at the top with a statue of St. Peter which remains there. Trajan's Column the Tokyo Tower TokyoTower Nelson's Column NelsonsColumn <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveTqApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NelsonsColumn</a> is a tall <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvt102JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonumentalColumn</a> in Trafalgar Square in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfLondonEngland</a> commemorating Admiral <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8PivZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HoratioNelson</a>'s naval career and victory at Trafalgar over the naval forces of Napoleon I. A statue of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8PivZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HoratioNelson</a> is at the top of the column. It is a primary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwtGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Landmark</a> in London. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ru-8ymLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">ArtifactualFeatureType</a> is the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6-wc8BKxEdeIXwCgydofLQ" class="cyc_term">CartographicFeatureType</a>s which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s, as opposed to naturally occuring. Positive examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaterReservoir</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Canal</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rT2uByCTVQdeVZZaE0030Zg" class="cyc_term">Airfield</a>. Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ocean</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mesa</a>. Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rummjkLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">NaturalFeatureType</a>, the corresponding collection for naturally occuring feature types. artifactual feature type ArtifactualFeatureType <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm (CollectionDifferenceFn HumanScaleObject SpaceInAHOC) human-scale object that is not an indoor space tower Tower A manmade structure, higher than its diameter, generally used for observation, storage, or electronic transmission. tower Tower A manmade structure, higher than its diameter, generally used for observation, storage, or electronic transmission. tower Tower A manmade structure, higher than its diameter, generally used for observation, storage, or electronic transmission. tower Tower A manmade structure, higher than its diameter, generally used for observation, storage, or electronic transmission. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FixedStructure</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructionArtifact</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FixedStructure</a> is a human-constructed, freestanding object that exists in a fixed location. Examples include buildings, pyramids, the Great Wall of China, dams, bridges, elevated roadways, and canals. Such structures may have parts which are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FixedStructure</a> (e.g. bridge pilings) and parts which are not freestanding (e.g. the span of a bridge, or a room in a building). fixed freestanding structure FixedStructure Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString tower Tower A manmade structure, higher than its diameter, generally used for observation, storage, or electronic transmission. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmLypJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopAndBottomSidedObject</a> is an object with an intrinsic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjEpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopSide</a> and an intrinsic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BottomSide</a>. By 'intrinsic' we mean simply that there exists an established convention according to which one side is considered 'top' and the other side is considered 'bottom'. Usually the two sides in question can be reliably distinguished from one another. For example, by convention, the 'top' of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZ9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Table_PieceOfFurniture</a> is the side on which other objects usually rest, while the 'bottom' is the side which usually touches the floor. Notice that a conventionally distinguishable bottom and top do not necessarily imply a left and right, or a front and back. A plant is a good example of the case where they do not: top and bottom can be reliably distinguished but not, ordinarily, front and back or left and right. Notice also--and this is crucial to the whole conception--that while a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmLypJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopAndBottomSidedObject</a> may well have a preferred orientation, changing this orientation does not change what counts as 'top' and what counts as 'bottom': if a car flips over on the highway its top is now facing the pavement and its bottom--the undercarriage--is now up in the air. If an entity does not obey this rule then it does not, generally speaking, count as having a distinguishable top and bottom--example: an hourglass or a book. (see also #$NoteAboutSidedObject) top and bottom sided object TopAndBottomSidedObject A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). spatially disjoint object type SpatiallyDisjointObjectType LongThinObject The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> that are long and thin. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rh5fAaHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">LongThinObject</a> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTiUyOHSyEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangibleTypeByPhysicalStructuralFeature</a> that characterizes a tangible object which has one dimension whose length exceeds that of each of the other two dimensions by at least a factor of three. E.g., pencils, straws, telephone wire, submarines, skyscrapers. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjG1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetShapedObject</a>. long and thin