]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. SpatialThingTypeByShape A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> whose instances are collections of things sorted purely in terms of their shape. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByShape</a> is a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (q.v.) whose own instances are all and only those things, either tangible or intangible, that have some particular thing in common as regards their shape. <p/> For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTr58ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wedge</a> is the collection of all wedge-shaped objects; it includes both physical wedges and wedge-shaped <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlxdi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a>s. Similarly, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Square</a> is the collection of all two-dimensional squares; but note that all of its instances are <i>intangible</i>, since tangible objects are by their nature three-dimensional. Finally, note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwwfziB5sQdeF8uYL1bPzcw" class="cyc_term">Block</a> (e.g.) is <i>not</i> a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByShape</a>; for it collects its instances not merely by their shape, but also by the fact that they are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a>s. <p/> Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByShape</a> include <font color="#ff0000">#$SpatialThingTypeByGeometricShape</font> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfBumZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality</a>. configuration shapes configurations shape animal body shape type AnimalBodyShapeType The collection of animal body shape types; instances are specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxkznpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalShapedThing</a> which describe standard arrangements of animal body parts which are the standard body shapes. type of shape A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByShape</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU-SlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricShapeType</a> is a type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjELpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricallyDescribableThing</a> (q.v.) whose own instances are all and only those things that have a common shape that is characterizable in relatively simple geometric terms. An instance of a given geometric shape-type is a geometrically-describable object, which might either be intangible or tangible (though in the latter case it must be three-dimensional). <p/> For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDAn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sphere</a> is the collection of all spherical object; it includes both spherical space regions and crystal balls. Similarly, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmSmWUM7yEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Circle</a> is the collection of all two-dimensional circles; all of its instances are <i>intangible</i>, since tangible objects are by their nature three-dimensional. <p/> Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU-SlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricShapeType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalShapeType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalShapeType</a>. GeometricShapeType PlanarLinearObject-OneDimensional one-dimensional planar linear object <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKZNsHjdfEdqAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">PlanarLinearObject_OneDimensional</a> is the collection intersection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0pGnmMbrEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_OneDimensional</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNMte-MZcEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Planar</a>. That is, it is the collection of all one dimensional linear objects that are embedded in a single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1T3Nlv9QdeJ7LFO9u6POw" class="cyc_term">Plane</a>. LinearObject-Straight straight thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6A7z1B5sQdedAK6n_bYxDg" class="cyc_term">LinearObject</a> (q.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwK-dWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Straight</a> is the collection of all linearly-shaped objects that are more-or-less straight (i.e. not curved), whether tangible or intangible. <p/> Note that the criterion for being &quot;straight&quot; in the present sense varies from context to context. For example, the standard of straightness for limning a football field is less precise than that for pure geometry. <p/> Important geometrical specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwK-dWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Straight</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Straight</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvh19N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ray_Geometrical</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a>. one-dimensional non-planar linear object NonPlanarLinearObject-OneDimensional <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfcseyjd-EdqAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">NonPlanarLinearObject_OneDimensional</a> is the collection intersection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0pGnmMbrEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_OneDimensional</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPyiUNslvEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_NonPlanar</a>. That is, it is the collection of all one dimensional linear objects that cannot be embedded in a single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1T3Nlv9QdeJ7LFO9u6POw" class="cyc_term">Plane</a>. bra shaped (CommonShapeFn Bra) (CommonShapeFn PeanutPod) peanut pod shaped A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZWBA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViEeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FlatSurfaceRegion</a> is an (at least roughly) two-dimensional connected object that is (perfectly or nearly) flat. Examples of flat surfaces include tangible objects like the top of a kitchen counter, and intangibles such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1T3Nlv9QdeJ7LFO9u6POw" class="cyc_term">Plane</a>s. plane FlatSurfaceRegion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNMte-MZcEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Planar</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRbPm7sl4EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Line_NonPlanar</a> is a curved intangible line that does <i>not</i> remain in a single two-dimensional plane, but can only be embedded in a 3-D space region. For example, a one-dimensional unbounded spiral is a non-planar line. And cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbsAspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Planar</a>. Line-NonPlanar line non planar A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPyiUNslvEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_NonPlanar</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0Ps46sl6EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LineSegment_NonPlanar</a> is a curved intangible line-segment that does <i>not</i> remain in a single two-dimensional plane, but can only be embedded in a 3-D space region. For example, a one-dimensional bounded spiral or knot is a non-planar line-segment. And cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzzgf2sl8EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LineSegment_Planar</a>. LineSegment-NonPlanar line segment non planar boat shaped (CommonShapeFn Boat) The &quot;collection-intersection&quot; of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6A7z1B5sQdedAK6n_bYxDg" class="cyc_term">LinearObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1jUXeq00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalThing</a> (qq.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4TKF-sb2EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_ThreeDimensional</a> is the collection of all and only linearly-shaped objects that are extended in three spatial dimensions. They might be straight or curved, bounded or unbounded, tangible or intangible. <p/> In certain contexts, a long and thin 3-D object or region might be treated as a line. For example, a river might demarcate the boundary between two countries; a line drawn in the sand might serve as a volleyball court boundary. LinearObject-ThreeDimensional linear object three dimensional the concept corresponding to ONE-OR-TWO-D-LOCATION in SENSUS-Information1997 (MeaningInSystemFn SENSUS-Information1997 "ONE-OR-TWO-D-LOCATION") amorphous thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViiNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmorphousThing</a> is a spatial object that has no well-defined shape (though what counts as a &quot;well-defined shape&quot; can vary from context to context). Contrast with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJRrmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapedObject</a>. AmorphousThing (CommonShapeFn Dragster) dragster shaped planar thing Line-Planar A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNMte-MZcEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Planar</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbsAspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Planar</a> is a (straight or curved) intangible line that remains in a single two-dimensional plane. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Arc</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Straight</a>. And cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRbPm7sl4EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Line_NonPlanar</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6A7z1B5sQdedAK6n_bYxDg" class="cyc_term">LinearObject</a> (q.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPyiUNslvEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_NonPlanar</a> is the collection of all linearly-shaped objects, whether tangible or intangible, that are <i>not</i> embeddable (even roughly) in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1T3Nlv9QdeJ7LFO9u6POw" class="cyc_term">Plane</a>, and thus are only embeddable in a three-dimensional space region. Since a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6A7z1B5sQdedAK6n_bYxDg" class="cyc_term">LinearObject</a> can itself be three-dimensional, we stipulate that non-planar 3-D a linear-object is not even embeddable in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViEeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FlatSurfaceRegion</a> (q.v.). <p/> Note that the criterion for being &quot;non-planar&quot; in the present sense varies from context to context. For example, the standard of non-planarity for the manufacture of wrought-iron railing is less precise than that for pure geometry. <p/> Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPyiUNslvEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_NonPlanar</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwK0hyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spiral</a>. And cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNMte-MZcEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Planar</a>. LinearObject-NonPlanar linear object non planar one-dimensional planar linear object (CollectionIntersectionFn (TheSet LinearObject-Planar LinearObject-OneDimensional)) cylinder Cylinder A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1jUXeq00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cylinder</a> is a three-dimensional object that has a straight or curved <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tube</a> (q.v.) as its &quot;side&quot; surface; any cross-section taken with respect to its side is (at least roughly) circular, and any two such cross-sections have (at least roughly) the same diameter. A cylinder of finite length will also have a circular base and a circular top as parts of its boundary; an infinite cylinder has no top, and might have no base either. <p/> Examples of cylinders include tangible objects (such as a roll of nickels) as well as intangible cylindrical space regions. <p/> For cylinders with straight sides, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQbjwoudLEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">RightCylinder</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rD_dw3OcvEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjbz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HollowCylindricalObject</a>. member of { linear thing, lines } The &quot;collection-intersection&quot; of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6A7z1B5sQdedAK6n_bYxDg" class="cyc_term">LinearObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2KKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OneDimensionalThing</a> (qq.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0pGnmMbrEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_OneDimensional</a> is the collection of all and only linearly-shaped objects that are extended in only one spatial dimension. They might be straight or curved, bounded or unbounded; being strictly one-dimensional, they are intangible. <p/> Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0pGnmMbrEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_OneDimensional</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvh19N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ray_Geometrical</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a>. LinearObject-OneDimensional LinearObject-Planar linear object planar A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6A7z1B5sQdedAK6n_bYxDg" class="cyc_term">LinearObject</a> (q.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNMte-MZcEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Planar</a> is the collection of all linearly-shaped objects, whether tangible or intangible, that are more-or-less embeddable in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1T3Nlv9QdeJ7LFO9u6POw" class="cyc_term">Plane</a>. <p/> Note that the criterion for being &quot;planar&quot; in the present sense varies from context to context. For example, the standard of planarity for the manufacture of wrought-iron railing is less precise than that for pure geometry. <p/> Important geometrical specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNMte-MZcEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Planar</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwK-dWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Straight</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbsAspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Planar</a>. (CollectionIntersectionFn (TheSet LinearObject-OneDimensional LinearObject-NonPlanar)) one-dimensional non-planar linear object The &quot;collection-intersection&quot; of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6A7z1B5sQdedAK6n_bYxDg" class="cyc_term">LinearObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rC1k_6q00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalThing</a> (qq.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfsk6XsbrEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_TwoDimensional</a> is the collection of all and only linearly-shaped objects that are extended in exactly two spatial dimensions. They might be straight or curved, bounded or unbounded; being strictly two-dimensional, they are intangible. <p/> In certain two-dimensional geometrical contexts, a long and thin 2-D region might be treated as a line. For example, a river, as represented on a map, might demarcate the boundary between two countries. LinearObject-TwoDimensional linear object two dimensional round thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJRrmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapedObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBfkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RoundObject</a> is a tangible or intangible thing with an (at least nearly) round or elliptical shape in a least one dimension. A round object might be one-dimensional (e.g. a ring that bounds a 2-D <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmSmWUM7yEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Circle</a>), two-dimensional (e.g. an intangible <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKAYkmM7jEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Ellipse</a>) or three-dimensional (e.g. a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDAn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sphere</a> or a chicken egg). <p/> Other specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBfkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RoundObject</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwzSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cone</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ball</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryStbyFITEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Hemisphere</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0NJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingShapedObject</a>. RoundObject SpheroidalSurface A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCF6xbM1pEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Finite</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all intangible, finite surfaces the are either <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzCm-HubNQdaO7ZipW2UPxw" class="cyc_term">Spheroid</a>s or self-connected proper parts of spheroids (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4raCUTtEAbEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpheroidPatch</a>). <p/> A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfyQePkAbEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">MapProjection</a> (q.v.) has a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHDx7kEAbEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpheroidalSurface</a> as its source surface (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQ3x4OkAXEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">projectionSource</a>). spheroidal surface LineSegment-Planar line segment planar A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNMte-MZcEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Planar</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzzgf2sl8EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LineSegment_Planar</a> is a straight or curved intangible line-segment that remains in a single two-dimensional plane. For example, an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Arc</a> is a planar line-segment. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0Ps46sl6EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LineSegment_NonPlanar</a>. SpheroidPatch A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHDx7kEAbEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpheroidalSurface</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYyzApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Bounded</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all intangible, finite surfaces the are self-connected proper parts of spheroids (see <font color="#ff0000">#$properPartOfSpaceRegion</font>). spheroid patch (CommonShapeFn Wheel) wheel shaped The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection SpatialThingTypeByShape configuration A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> whose instances are collections of things sorted purely in terms of their shape. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByShape</a> is a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (q.v.) whose own instances are all and only those things, either tangible or intangible, that have some particular thing in common as regards their shape. <p/> For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTr58ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wedge</a> is the collection of all wedge-shaped objects; it includes both physical wedges and wedge-shaped <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlxdi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a>s. Similarly, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Square</a> is the collection of all two-dimensional squares; but note that all of its instances are <i>intangible</i>, since tangible objects are by their nature three-dimensional. Finally, note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwwfziB5sQdeF8uYL1bPzcw" class="cyc_term">Block</a> (e.g.) is <i>not</i> a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByShape</a>; for it collects its instances not merely by their shape, but also by the fact that they are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a>s. <p/> Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByShape</a> include <font color="#ff0000">#$SpatialThingTypeByGeometricShape</font> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfBumZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a> of collections of collections (and thus an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviPYH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionTypeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>). A sibling-disjoint collection type is such that its known (i.e. KB-represented) instances are collections that -- save for any that are related to each other by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> and any that are explicitly asserted to be exceptions (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQtVmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a>) -- are disjoint from each other. <p/> More precisely, each instance <code><b>SIB</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> is a collection of collections that has the following KB-dependent property: <p/> For any two known instances <code><b>COL1</b></code> and <code><b>COL2</b></code> of <code><b>SIB</b></code>, at least one of the following is known to hold: <pre> (a) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <b>COL1</b> <b>COL2</b>) (b) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <b>COL2</b> <b>COL1</b>) (c) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQtVmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> <b>COL1</b> <b>COL2</b>) (d) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a> <b>COL1</b> <b>COL2</b>) </pre> Moreover, note that if <code><b>MT</b></code> is a context (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>) in which (i) both <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>COL1</b> <b>SIB</b>)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>COL2</b> <b>SIB</b>)</code> hold and (ii) neither <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <b>COL1</b> <b>COL2</b>)</code> nor <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <b>COL2</b> <b>COL1</b>)</code> nor <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQtVmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> <b>COL1</b> <b>COL2</b>)</code> is known to hold (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP-JvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">knownSentence</a>), then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a> <b>COL1</b> <b>COL2</b>)</code> holds by default in <code><b>MT</b></code>. <p/> For example, in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjakJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologyMt</a> both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> are instances of the sibling-disjoint collection type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a>, while neither (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>) nor (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>) nor (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQtVmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>) is known to hold in that context; consequently, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>) holds by default in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjakJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologyMt</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> (and its specializations), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKTnSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPartType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwE01SZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelationshipTypeByArity</a>. <p/> See the generalization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rk8dxOFcGEdaLwgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointSetOrCollectionType</a>. Also cf. the stronger notion of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPoRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisjointCollectionType</a>. sibling disjoint collection type SiblingDisjointCollectionType ObjectType The collection of all collections that are &quot;object-like&quot; in at least one respect. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is <i>not</i> itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>; when this happens <code><b>COL</b></code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code><b>PARTPRED</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<b>PARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> does <i>not</i> hold. (Also sufficient for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code><b>INVPARTPRED</b></code> of the <i>inverse</i> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(<b>INVPARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>OBJ1</b>)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in <i>nearly</i> all cases, <code><b>COL</b></code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is <i>not</i> an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType A collection of collections. Each instance <code><b>COL</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqEYnNVMqEdaSKAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType</a> (<i>ANECT</i>) is a collection satisfying three conditions: (1) <code><b>COL</b></code> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, (2) every instance <code><b>INST</b></code> of <code><b>COL</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> essentially (i.e. <code><b>INST</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>, and could not exist without being an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>), and (3) condition (2) is a necessary truth about <code><b>COL</b></code>. <p/> Positive examples of ANECTs include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (each of which is a collection of atemporals and is such that, necessarily, all of its instances are in it essentially). Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (though arguably it is necessary that all of its instances are essentially instances of it, it is not disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4FM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UniqueAnatomicalPartType</a> (which, though disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, has instances, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, that could exist even if they weren't instances of it; e.g. it might have been the case that every creature with a heart had at least two hearts). There are no known examples of Cyc-reified collections satisfying conditions (1) and (2) but not (3), but one can be contrived. Suppose that all of today's winning lottery numbers were primes. Now consider the collection: <p/> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrhK-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrimeNumber</a> <i>TodaysWinningLotteryNumbers</i>)) <p/> This collection is clearly disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> and, by hypothesis, all of its instances are in it essentially (as each prime number is essentially a prime number). But this last fact is not <i>necessarily</i> true of this collection: the collection might have had instances that belonged to it only contingently (i.e. not essentially), as it might have been the case that one of today's winning lottery numbers was non-prime, and no number is such that it is essentially one of today's winning lottery numbers. <p/> When asserting that something is an instance or specialization of a given instance of ANECT, it is appropriate to do so in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3_SgQU2iEdaCwAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">UniversalVocabularyMt</a> (q.v.). Indeed, ANECT was specially defined to facilitate the movement of appropriate assertions to that microtheory. <p/> Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGeylLJTfEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection</a>. type of atemporal collection in which membership is necessarily essential Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString Shape-Spatial-Topic shape-spatial-topic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFHAN7Cd1QdmO_v8r46ie6w" class="cyc_term">ClosedIntersectionCollectionType</a> is a collection of collection types which all share the following property: Whenever COLLTYPE is an instance of this collection, and COLL1 and COLL2 are instances of COLLTYPE, then the intersection of COLL1 and COLL2 is also an instance of COLLTYPE. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByShape</a> is an instance of this collection. <font color="#ff0000">#$SomewhatRoundObject</font> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4qT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cube</a> are both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByShape</a>, so (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvszjQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionIntersectionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <font color="#ff0000">#$SomewhatRoundObject</font> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4qT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cube</a>)), the collection of somewhat round cubes, is also an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByShape</a>. <p/> Note that it is possible that this intersection may be empty. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Square</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmSmWUM7yEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Circle</a> are both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByShape</a>, so is (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvszjQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionIntersectionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Square</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmSmWUM7yEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Circle</a>)), even though this collection is necessarily empty. closed intersection collection type ClosedIntersectionCollectionType SpatialThingTypeByShape configuration A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> whose instances are collections of things sorted purely in terms of their shape. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByShape</a> is a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (q.v.) whose own instances are all and only those things, either tangible or intangible, that have some particular thing in common as regards their shape. <p/> For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTr58ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wedge</a> is the collection of all wedge-shaped objects; it includes both physical wedges and wedge-shaped <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlxdi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a>s. Similarly, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Square</a> is the collection of all two-dimensional squares; but note that all of its instances are <i>intangible</i>, since tangible objects are by their nature three-dimensional. Finally, note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwwfziB5sQdeF8uYL1bPzcw" class="cyc_term">Block</a> (e.g.) is <i>not</i> a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByShape</a>; for it collects its instances not merely by their shape, but also by the fact that they are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a>s. <p/> Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByShape</a> include <font color="#ff0000">#$SpatialThingTypeByGeometricShape</font> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfBumZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality</a>. A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> is a collection-type that &quot;facets&quot; -- i.e. stands in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> (q.v.) relation to -- another collection. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AutomobileTypeByBrand</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rANFO8Ec-EdaEKABQ2sS97g" class="cyc_term">MusicTypeByGenre</a>, which facet <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Music</a>, respectively. faceting collection type FacetingCollectionType FacetInstanceCollection facet collection A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1fLiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetInstanceCollection</a> is a collection that is an instance of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> (q.v.). For example, the facet-instance-collection (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBVDJsPLMQdiZD5jLVkyKUw" class="cyc_term">WineOfVintageFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjympwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YearFn</a> 1926)) is an instance of the faceting-collection-type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rWdpZhPLLQdiKEtsuZMndzQ" class="cyc_term">WineTypeByVintage</a>.