]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. tourist attraction TouristAttraction A site or object that draws tourists. E.g., a historic landmark, a site of remarkable scenic beauty; famous architecture; a museum containing famous art; a zoo; a home of, or monument to, a famous person; ... attractions tourist sites attraction tourist attractions tourist site display structure The collection of structures used to house objects that are being displayed to the public for their enjoyment and edification. DisplayStructure A collection of objects, a spec of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPfOMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TouristAttraction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Place</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvx0OwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Resort_Attraction</a> is a place which draws visitors, typically vacationers who stay there for one or more nights. Resort-Attraction vacation spot mission <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgHxppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mission_MissionaryCompound</a> is the collection of missionary compounds constructed by European settlers in the non-European world to promote <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Catholicism</a>. In <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPce3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheTwentiethCenturyCE</a> they remain mostly as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPfOMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TouristAttraction</a>s. Mission-MissionaryCompound battlefield park A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rclbsFLgqEdmAAAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">BattlefieldPark</a> is an old <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rI67BIqUgQdiGzOBoxWmzTA" class="cyc_term">Battlefield</a> that has been made into a park to memorialize the battle. BattlefieldPark landmark Some tangible thing which is usually a topographic feature or a large construction artifact which is well-known in an area, often of interest to travelers. Exactly what is a landmark is culture dependent, so assertions that X is a landmark should be in an mt which admits to its bias, like the western bias of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6rAIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldGeographyMt</a> Landmark AmusementPark amusement park A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8amJWGj-EdaeaQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">OutdoorRecreationArea</a>. This is the collection of all amusement parks. An amusement park can be as elaborate and permanent as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm8Ed5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Disneyworld_TouristAttraction</a> or as makeshift and transitory as amusement parks whose facilities are moved from location to location during the summer. NationalPark national park A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwoXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WildernessPark</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwoLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NationalPark</a> is a park in the wilderness that is managed by the national government of the country in which it is located. DisneyWorld Disneyworld-TouristAttraction St. Paul's Cathedral StPaulsCathedral-London St. Paul's Cathedral, in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDzzNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheCityOfLondon_Proper</a> (the old city), London, England. It was burned in the Great Fire of 1666 and rebuilt in 1668 as designed by the architect Christopher Wren in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4riq50pnS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">PalladianStyle</a> with a dome. It was damaged by German bombs in <font color="#ff0000">#$WorldWarII</font>. It is the largest church in Britain. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm0w-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeGeneva</a> (called Lac Leman locally) located partly in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Switzerland</a> and partly in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6EJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">France</a>. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfGenevaSwitzerland</a> is on the southwestern shore of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm0w-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeGeneva</a>. LakeGeneva Lake Geneva The Sacre-Coeur on Montmarte in Paris, France. Sacre-Coeur SacreCoeur Sorbonne-Building The building housing the Sorbonne University, located in Paris, France. the Sorbonne Place du Molard PlaceDuMolard A plaza located in Switzerland by Lake Geneva The famous frescoes painted by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD9RJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Michelangelo</a> on the ceiling of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNowwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SistineChapel</a>, conceived as a single instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrVXhZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mural</a>. the Sistine Chapel Ceiling frescoes SistineChapelCeilingFresco London church that is the site of coronations and other ceremonies of national significance. It stands just west of the Houses of Parliament in the Greater London borough of Westminster. Situated on the grounds of a former Benedictine monastery, it was refounded as the Collegiate Church of St. Peter in Westminster by Queen Elizabeth I in 1560. Legend relates that Saberht, the first Christian king of the East Saxons, founded a church on a small island in the River Thames, then known as Thorney but later called the west minster (or monastery), and that this church was miraculously consecrated by St. Peter. It is certain that about AD 785 there was a small community of monks on the island and that the monastery was enlarged and remodeled by St. Dunstan about 960. Westminster Abbey WestminsterAbbeyCathedral-London the Tokyo Tower TokyoTower PietaStatue-Michelangelo the Pieta The famous <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgELj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Statue</a> depicting the grieving <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBk5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mary_MotherOfJesus</a> holding the dead <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusOfNazareth</a>, sculpted by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD9RJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Michelangelo</a>. PiazzaBarberini A plaza located in Rome, Italy. Barberini Piazza A park in the borough of Westminster, London. It covers more than 340 acres (138 hectares) and is bordered on the east by Mayfair and on the west by Kensington Gardens. HydePark-London Hyde Park A royal fortress and London landmark. Its buildings and grounds served historically as a royal palace, a political prison, a place of execution, an arsenal, a royal mint, a menagerie, and a public records office. It is located on the north bank of the River Thames, in the extreme western portion of the borough of Tower Hamlets, on the border with the central City of London. source: Encyclopedia Britannica TowerOfLondon the Tower of London the Duomo in Milan The Duomo is the main cathedral in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjotpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfMilanItaly</a>. It's architecture is renaissance gothic style. Duomo The St. Germain des Pres is located in Paris, France. St. Germain StGermainDesPres The jewelery of the extinct royal family of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6EJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">France</a> preserved in the museum of the Louvre. CrownJewels-France the Crown Jewels of France SistineChapel the Sistine Chapel the Villa Medici A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwAYG6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Villa</a> that hosts the French Academy, started in the second half of the 16th century. It was bought in 1576 by Cardinal Ferdinando de' Medici. VillaMedici-Rome StPetersBasilica The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVigPpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cathedral</a> of Saint Peter's in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVign5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VaticanCity</a>, Rome, an enormous baroque structure with a dome designed by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD9RJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Michelangelo</a>, a front designed by <font color="#ff0000">#$CarloMaderno-TheArchitect</font>, and a colonnaded plaza designed by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv0kqEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GiovanniBernini_TheSculptor</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkDFvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StPetersBasilica</a> is widely considered to be the head church of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RomanCatholicChurch</a> (although that is, very technically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-x4_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StJohnInLateranBasilica</a> in Rome). The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNowwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SistineChapel</a>, with frescos by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD9RJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Michelangelo</a>, is at the rear. St. Peter's Basilica La Scala The La Scala is an opera house located in Milan LaScala The famous frescoes painted by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD9RJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Michelangelo</a> on the ceiling of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNowwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SistineChapel</a>, conceived as a single instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrVXhZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mural</a>. OperaGarnierCeilingPainting the Opera Garnier Ceiling The Place de la Concorde in Paris, France. PlaceDeLaConcorde Place de la Concorde CapeCod Cape Cod An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UrbanNeighborhood</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rC6a1flE8EdaAAACgycbQpw" class="cyc_term">Montmartre_UrbanNeighborhood</a> is an urban neighborhood in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>. Montmartre Paris France Montmartre-UrbanNeighborhood scenic resort lake Lake Tahoe LakeTahoe The group of people in the big black hats who perform the changing of the guards and other cermonial activities on behalf on the British royalty. QueensGuard The Queen's Guard The Via Veneto is a famous street located in Rome, Italy. Via Veneto ViaVeneto A famous tourist attraction in Rome, Italy. SpanishSteps the Spanish Steps Saint Chapelle SainteChapelle The Sainte Chapelle located in Paris, France. Triton Fountain TritonFountain A famous fountain located in Rome, Italy. individual that is famous FamousIndividual ObjectType The collection of all collections that are &quot;object-like&quot; in at least one respect. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is <i>not</i> itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>; when this happens <code><b>COL</b></code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code><b>PARTPRED</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<b>PARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> does <i>not</i> hold. (Also sufficient for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code><b>INVPARTPRED</b></code> of the <i>inverse</i> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(<b>INVPARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>OBJ1</b>)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in <i>nearly</i> all cases, <code><b>COL</b></code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is <i>not</i> an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object tourist attraction TouristAttraction A site or object that draws tourists. E.g., a historic landmark, a site of remarkable scenic beauty; famous architecture; a museum containing famous art; a zoo; a home of, or monument to, a famous person; ... Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <font color="#ff0000">#$KRAKEN</font> application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KE clarifying collection type KEClarifyingCollectionType PartiallyTangible A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ro3lluGJHQdiVxrZReHS-jQ" class="cyc_term">EnduringThing_Localized</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> has a tangible (i.e. material) part and a temporal extent (i.e. it exists in time). It might or might not also have an intangible part. For example, a particular copy of a book is made of matter, has temporal extent, and also has an intangible part: the information content of the text markings on its pages. tangible thing tourist attraction TouristAttraction A site or object that draws tourists. E.g., a historic landmark, a site of remarkable scenic beauty; famous architecture; a museum containing famous art; a zoo; a home of, or monument to, a famous person; ... tourist attraction TouristAttraction A site or object that draws tourists. E.g., a historic landmark, a site of remarkable scenic beauty; famous architecture; a museum containing famous art; a zoo; a home of, or monument to, a famous person; ...