]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The collection of all divinities, or supernatural beings that are gods, demi-gods, or otherwise god-like. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBlzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DivineBeing</a> are believed to be immortal in some cultures. Note that this collection is _not_ a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQq-QpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Intangible</a>, since some god-like beings are believed to have physical bodies. DivineBeing divine being http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deity divine beings supernatural beings spiritual beings supernatural being spiritual being God deity The class of supernatural beings generally supposed to be (a) all-powerful (or more powerful than other classes of divinities within the same religious/folkloric tradition), and (b) immortal (or nearly so, for all practical purposes). In popular (not necessarily orthodox) Jewish, Christian, and Islamic tradition, angels are the messengers who deliver information from God to humans. The metaphor to think of is that of an oriental king sending messengers out to deliver news to his subjects. The original Greek word means `messenger'. They are supposed to have sort of semi-divine status. Angel angel The divine being who represents the spiritual aspect of God/Christ in the Christian holy Trinity (a.k.a. the Holy Spirit). An aethereal being whose physical incarnations include burning flames. GodTheHolyGhost the Holy Ghost The collection of all divinities, or supernatural beings that are gods, demi-gods, or otherwise god-like. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBlzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DivineBeing</a> are believed to be immortal in some cultures. Note that this collection is _not_ a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQq-QpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Intangible</a>, since some god-like beings are believed to have physical bodies. DivineBeing divine being ObjectType The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object SupernaturalBeing supernatural being The collection of all supernatural beings, including gods, angels, devils, demons, ghosts, spirits, banshees, fairies, elves, and woodland sprites (e.g. the mischievous Puck). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOoodJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SupernaturalBeing</a> might be immortal or mortal, good or evil, intangible or partially tangible. The collection of all divinities, or supernatural beings that are gods, demi-gods, or otherwise god-like. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBlzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DivineBeing</a> are believed to be immortal in some cultures. Note that this collection is _not_ a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQq-QpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Intangible</a>, since some god-like beings are believed to have physical bodies. DivineBeing divine being Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. TemporalStuffType The collection of all divinities, or supernatural beings that are gods, demi-gods, or otherwise god-like. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBlzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DivineBeing</a> are believed to be immortal in some cultures. Note that this collection is _not_ a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQq-QpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Intangible</a>, since some god-like beings are believed to have physical bodies. DivineBeing divine being The collection of all divinities, or supernatural beings that are gods, demi-gods, or otherwise god-like. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBlzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DivineBeing</a> are believed to be immortal in some cultures. Note that this collection is _not_ a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQq-QpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Intangible</a>, since some god-like beings are believed to have physical bodies. DivineBeing divine being The collection of all divinities, or supernatural beings that are gods, demi-gods, or otherwise god-like. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBlzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DivineBeing</a> are believed to be immortal in some cultures. Note that this collection is _not_ a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQq-QpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Intangible</a>, since some god-like beings are believed to have physical bodies. DivineBeing divine being