]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Crucifying crucifixion An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlgftZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Execution_Judicial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBcGZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Torture</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBnQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crucifying</a> is an event in which an agent executes a human by nailing that human to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYPM8tFe8EdaQLQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Cross_TortureDevice</a>. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion has crucified will have crucified crucifies crucifixions crucified crucifying have crucified had crucified crucify will crucify Execution-Judicial execution A specialization of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KillingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Punishing</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlgftZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Execution_Judicial</a> is a judicially sanctioned action of putting a person to death as a punishment for some crime. Thus, it excludes Mafia 'hits' and euthanasia, even if the euthanasia is sanctioned by some part of the judicial system. AccomplishmentType type of accomplishment A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv48ocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccomplishmentType</a> is a type of events that include, by their nature, a 'culmination' or completion point, conceptually distinct from their mere temporal ending. Moreover, each instance of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv48ocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccomplishmentType</a> is 'quantized' in the following sense: if <code><b>EVENT-1</b></code> and <code><b>EVENT-2</b></code> are instances of the same instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv48ocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccomplishmentType</a>, then <code><b>EVENT-2</b></code> cannot be a proper sub-event of <code><b>EVENT-1</b></code>, nor can <code><b>EVENT-1</b></code> be a proper sub-event of <code><b>EVENT-2</b></code>. DurativeEventType A collection of collections. If TYPE is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>, each instance of TYPE is a &quot;durative event&quot; extended through time, i.e., it endures continuously between its starting and ending points, and such points are not simultaneous. As an example, writing a letter is a durative event type, since an event of this type will (except in &quot;degenerate&quot; cases) have a distinct starting point, a period of time in the middle during which writing occurs, and an end point at which the letter is written. By contrast, winning a prize is an instantaneous change: up to the moment the event takes place, you don't have the prize, after that you do. Granted, the awarding of the prize might in fact have a physical duration, but from a conceptual or logical point of view it might as well have none. If one thinks of events as the occurrence of &quot;changes&quot;, one may regard durative events as changes that intrinsically occupy a continuous, non-zero chunk of time, and non-durative events (for which see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a>) as instantaneous changes. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is a proper specialization of this collection, because the cumulativity property (see the salient assertion for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a>) implies that all process types can have temporal extension. Naturally, many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>s are not cumulative, but rather <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv48ocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccomplishmentType</a>s. type of durative event Crucifying crucifixion An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlgftZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Execution_Judicial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBcGZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Torture</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBnQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crucifying</a> is an event in which an agent executes a human by nailing that human to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYPM8tFe8EdaQLQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Cross_TortureDevice</a>. Torture torture A collection of events. In an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBcGZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Torture</a>, an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVt07JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">perpetrator</a> intentionally inflicts physical or psychological distress on a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonPersonAnimal</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVt07JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">perpetrator</a>'s control, either for pleasure or to get them to do something they would ordinarily be unwilling to do, especially give the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVt07JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">perpetrator</a> some information. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString Crucifying crucifixion An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlgftZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Execution_Judicial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBcGZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Torture</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBnQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crucifying</a> is an event in which an agent executes a human by nailing that human to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYPM8tFe8EdaQLQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Cross_TortureDevice</a>. Crucifying crucifixion An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlgftZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Execution_Judicial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBcGZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Torture</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBnQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crucifying</a> is an event in which an agent executes a human by nailing that human to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYPM8tFe8EdaQLQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Cross_TortureDevice</a>. Crucifying crucifixion An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlgftZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Execution_Judicial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBcGZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Torture</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBnQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crucifying</a> is an event in which an agent executes a human by nailing that human to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYPM8tFe8EdaQLQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Cross_TortureDevice</a>. Crucifying crucifixion An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlgftZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Execution_Judicial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBcGZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Torture</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBnQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crucifying</a> is an event in which an agent executes a human by nailing that human to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYPM8tFe8EdaQLQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Cross_TortureDevice</a>.