]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pope</a>s; each is the spiritual and temporal head of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RomanCatholicChurch</a> and of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJQexJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HolySee</a>, political ruler of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVign5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VaticanCity</a>, bishop [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwN8hS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bishop_Clerical</a>] of Rome, Italy, Prince over all christian Princes, and vice-regent of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3n0p5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusChrist</a> on earth. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pope</a>, in modern times, is elected by the College of Cardinals in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNowwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SistineChapel</a>, and rules until death. (There are other popes, such as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOKUEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CopticPope</a>s, that are not included in this collection.) Certain historical popes are now held to have been antipopes. Pope pope http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope holy father pontiff pontiffs Servant of the Servants of God Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church Vicars of Jesus Christ Bishop of Rome holy fathers Successors of St. Peter Supreme Pontiffs of the Universal Church Prince of the Apostles popes Bishops of Rome Primate of Italy Successor of St. Peter Primates of Italy Princes of the Apostles Vicar of Jesus Christ Servants of the Servants of God Pope John Paul II PopeJohnPaulII person A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViknpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndividualAgent</a>: the collection of all persons. Personhood is a vague, emotionally loaded yet extremely salient concept with respect to common-sense reasoning. Something is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> if it is an individual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> with perceptual sensibility, capable of complex social relationships, and possessing a certain moral sophistication and an intrinsic moral value, or -- if it lacks certain of these characteristics -- is a member of a distinct type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViknpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> (usually a species) which generally possesses such characteristics and is therefore acknowledged by other members of that type as a person within their social systems. Most currently known instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a> but there is no reason why all need be (consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdRsSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hobbit</a>s in the fictional world of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8lZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LordOfTheRings_Trilogy</a>). They need not even be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> (consider the possibility of a person-like AI). Also note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> excludes non-human "legal persons", who are, however, included in the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalAgent</a>. Person A collection of collections. Each instance is a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> whose instances are all of the same position. cleric type by position ClericTypeByPosition <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pope</a>s; each is the spiritual and temporal head of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RomanCatholicChurch</a> and of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJQexJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HolySee</a>, political ruler of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVign5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VaticanCity</a>, bishop [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwN8hS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bishop_Clerical</a>] of Rome, Italy, Prince over all christian Princes, and vice-regent of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3n0p5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusChrist</a> on earth. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pope</a>, in modern times, is elected by the College of Cardinals in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNowwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SistineChapel</a>, and rules until death. (There are other popes, such as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOKUEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CopticPope</a>s, that are not included in this collection.) Certain historical popes are now held to have been antipopes. Pope pope ReligiousLeader religious leader A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReligiousPerson</a>. Each instance is a leader of a religious order. bishop The collection of all bishops, which are christian <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a>s, usually male, who are mostly senior leaders within hierarchically organized church denominations such as the Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Lutheran, Anglican or Episcopalian churches. Every Christian bishop is consecrated by one or more other bishops, in a chain of consecrations in direct 'apostolic succession' from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3n0p5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusChrist</a>. Some bishops in this succession are 'wandering bishops' (episcopes vagrantes) not associated with organized churches. In mediaeval times, some countries were ruled by bishops. Bishop-Clerical cleric type by religion and position ClericTypeByReligionAndPosition A collection of collections. Each instance is a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> whose instances are all of the same religion and position. The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pope</a>s; each is the spiritual and temporal head of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RomanCatholicChurch</a> and of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJQexJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HolySee</a>, political ruler of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVign5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VaticanCity</a>, bishop [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwN8hS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bishop_Clerical</a>] of Rome, Italy, Prince over all christian Princes, and vice-regent of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3n0p5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusChrist</a> on earth. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pope</a>, in modern times, is elected by the College of Cardinals in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNowwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SistineChapel</a>, and rules until death. (There are other popes, such as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOKUEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CopticPope</a>s, that are not included in this collection.) Certain historical popes are now held to have been antipopes. Pope pope Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pope</a>s; each is the spiritual and temporal head of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RomanCatholicChurch</a> and of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJQexJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HolySee</a>, political ruler of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVign5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VaticanCity</a>, bishop [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwN8hS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bishop_Clerical</a>] of Rome, Italy, Prince over all christian Princes, and vice-regent of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3n0p5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusChrist</a> on earth. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pope</a>, in modern times, is elected by the College of Cardinals in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNowwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SistineChapel</a>, and rules until death. (There are other popes, such as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOKUEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CopticPope</a>s, that are not included in this collection.) Certain historical popes are now held to have been antipopes. Pope pope type of position A collection of collections. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> is a collection representing a type of position in an organization. More precisely, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> is the collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> who typically hold that position within some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> or other. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryPJOODDbQdic45ams7ynvA" class="cyc_term">Scout</a> is the collection of all persons who are scouts -- e.g. people who lead people through wilderness areas or jungles. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryPJOODDbQdic45ams7ynvA" class="cyc_term">Scout</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> because typically a scout performs those duties within the context of their employment with some organization or other. Some other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrzr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mayor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWO8wpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CampaignManager</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Director_Movie</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-ikj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BaseballShortstop</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Secretary</a>. Obviously, which position-types are filled in a given organization partly depends on the type of organization it is; thus cities have mayors while business firms do not. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> is _not_ a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a> (q.v.); the latter categorizes workers according to the kinds of activities they perform at work rather than the positions organization members hold in their respective organizations. The typical activities of a vice president of a toy manufacturer (e.g.) are likely to be very unlike those of the vice president of a stamp club. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> need not be a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a>. Since every action is taken to be performed as part of one's job in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViLlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JobMt</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a> there. PersonTypeByPositionInOrg The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pope</a>s; each is the spiritual and temporal head of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RomanCatholicChurch</a> and of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJQexJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HolySee</a>, political ruler of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVign5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VaticanCity</a>, bishop [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwN8hS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bishop_Clerical</a>] of Rome, Italy, Prince over all christian Princes, and vice-regent of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3n0p5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusChrist</a> on earth. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pope</a>, in modern times, is elected by the College of Cardinals in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNowwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SistineChapel</a>, and rules until death. (There are other popes, such as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOKUEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CopticPope</a>s, that are not included in this collection.) Certain historical popes are now held to have been antipopes. Pope pope Catholic priest CatholicPriest The collection of all Roman Catholic priests The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pope</a>s; each is the spiritual and temporal head of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RomanCatholicChurch</a> and of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJQexJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HolySee</a>, political ruler of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVign5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VaticanCity</a>, bishop [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwN8hS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bishop_Clerical</a>] of Rome, Italy, Prince over all christian Princes, and vice-regent of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3n0p5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusChrist</a> on earth. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pope</a>, in modern times, is elected by the College of Cardinals in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNowwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SistineChapel</a>, and rules until death. (There are other popes, such as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOKUEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CopticPope</a>s, that are not included in this collection.) Certain historical popes are now held to have been antipopes. Pope pope