]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. magnifying glass MagnifyingGlass The collection of magnifying glasses. This collection includes hand-held magnifying devices with a glass or glass-like lens which magnify the images of objects about 2x. It excludes every sort of microscope. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnifying_glass magnifying glasses magnifying glass MagnifyingGlass The collection of magnifying glasses. This collection includes hand-held magnifying devices with a glass or glass-like lens which magnify the images of objects about 2x. It excludes every sort of microscope. A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). <p/> Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code><b>COPY</b></code> of (say) &quot;Moby Dick&quot; is still a copy of &quot;Moby Dick&quot;. (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially <i>object-like</i>: if we take a scalpel and slice <code><b>COPY</b></code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of &quot;Moby Dick&quot;. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. <p/> See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object magnifying glass MagnifyingGlass The collection of magnifying glasses. This collection includes hand-held magnifying devices with a glass or glass-like lens which magnify the images of objects about 2x. It excludes every sort of microscope. OpticalDevice vision aid A collection of physical devices. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjs3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OpticalDevice</a> is a device that affects light by either reflecting it, refracting it, causing its rays to converge or diverge, or more complicated combinations of such operations. Examples include devices whose function is to enhance human vision (e.g., each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj-cZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mirror</a>, each pair of <font color="#ff0000">#$EyeGlasses</font>, each set of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi1SJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Binoculars</a>), as well as devices that manipulate light for other purposes (e.g., instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OpticalComputerStorageDevice</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVie0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LaserDiscPlayer</a>). magnifying glass MagnifyingGlass The collection of magnifying glasses. This collection includes hand-held magnifying devices with a glass or glass-like lens which magnify the images of objects about 2x. It excludes every sort of microscope. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString kind of artifact not distinguished by brand or model An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwO3H5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtifactType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rejmDbrF_QdeIENT1qpbYzQ" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s grouped together according to some feature(s) other than brand or model. ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory combustion device CombustionDevice The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruILY3PgGQdeSWcwbF_ivOQ" class="cyc_term">CombustionDevice</a> contains all of those <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>s which can play the role of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV0FMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">deviceUsed</a> in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SettingSomethingOnFire</a>. Notable subcollections include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjH5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Match_FireStarter</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV7rNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IncendiaryDevice</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjBSWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PyrotechnicDevice</a>. A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. <p/> For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). spatially disjoint object type SpatiallyDisjointObjectType The specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTXb1DufCQdeeI7M0obuhsA" class="cyc_term">SensoryEnhancementDevice</a>. Instances of this collection are devices which are used to enhance a user's <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualPerception</a> (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving</a>) in some way. Positive examples include instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi1SJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Binoculars</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQUQSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MagnifyingGlass</a>. SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual sensory enhancement device visual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCTzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Device_SingleUser</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCTzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Device_SingleUser</a> is a device that typically has exactly one (i.e., one and only one) &quot;user&quot; who is the only individual who derives the value of its single function at a single time. A screwdriver (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Screwdriver</a>) is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCTzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Device_SingleUser</a>, but a grand piano (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1TNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GrandPiano</a>) is not. A borderline non-example is a multiple-passenger car --- although only one person operates it, several can &quot;use&quot; it at once, i.e. derive the value of its primary function (transportation). So a multiple-passenger car is not a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCTzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Device_SingleUser</a>. A borderline example is a telephone -- although it requires two or more users (each on telephones) for meaningful use, each phone generally has just one user at a time. So a telephone is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCTzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Device_SingleUser</a>, but a telephone-circuit is not. Device-SingleUser single-user device magnifying glass MagnifyingGlass The collection of magnifying glasses. This collection includes hand-held magnifying devices with a glass or glass-like lens which magnify the images of objects about 2x. It excludes every sort of microscope.