]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnTangible</a> is the collection of actions intentionally <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a> an actor (or actors) who have the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">purposeInEvent</a> that the action <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVifsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">damages</a> the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveQKOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectAttacked</a>. AttackOnTangible physical attack http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assault had attacked physically attacks tangible targets attacked a tangible target physically had attacked physically have attacked attacked something tangible will have attacked something tangible had attacked something tangible physically will have attacked has attacked a tangible target has attacked physically has attacked something tangible have attacked tangible targets attacks something tangible will attack tangible targets physically has attacked will have attacked tangible targets will attack a tangible target will attack something tangible attack tangible targets attacking physically has attacked tangible targets have attacked a tangible target will attack physically attacked tangible targets attacks a tangible target physically will attack will have attacked physically attacking a tangible target have attacked something tangible physical attacks will have attacked a tangible target had attacked tangible targets attack something tangible had attacked a tangible target physically attacked attacks physically have attacked physically attacking something tangible attacking tangible targets physically attacking attacked physically attack physically attack a tangible target physically attacks physically attack military attack MilitaryAttack The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnSeAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryEvent</a> that are also considered to be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnTangible</a>. The characteristics that define a military 'attack' are somewhat loose: military units are involved, deadly force is involved, and the event in question is of an immediately 'offensive' character (although an attack can be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> in the course of either a 'defensive' or 'offensive' <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnSeAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryEvent</a>). Instances may be complex events: that is, they may involve more than just physical attack events and may include a measure of planning and preparation. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwe8IyBzeEdaAAACQJ5GoQA" class="cyc_term">Arson</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SettingSomethingOnFire</a> that is also a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>. arson Arson RaidingAnObjective raid A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnTangible</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4eA28m9VEdeVmwADR6QijQ" class="cyc_term">TerroristAttackOnObject</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFYGEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerroristAttack</a> is an event in which terrorists act with intention of damaging or destroying some structures or people in order to achieve their political objectives. Bombing a building and destroying an oil refinery are exemplars. Taking hostages is not an exemplar of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFYGEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerroristAttack</a> but it is an exemplar of the more general term <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerroristAct</a> (q.v.). TerroristAttack terrorist attack The collection of events in which an attack aims at maintaining the element of surprise to disarm the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveQKOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectAttacked</a>. surprise attack SurpriseAttack aerial attack The collection of events in which aircraft attack a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> target. An aerial attack may include, and is not restricted to, bombing, strafing, and launching of missiles by aircraft. A special case would be a 'kamikaze' attack. The object of the attack may be a target on the ground, a naval target on or in water, a geographical region, or another aircraft. It also may include the use of destructive weapons by an aircraft in self-defense, as well as offensive missions. Non-examples: a reconnaissance mission. Note, however, that a single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcFe4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryAircraftMission</a> could incorporate a reconnaissance mission and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1FALZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AerialAttack</a> as distinct temporal subabstractions: if, for example, a reconnaissance flight were fired upon and responded by launching a missile, the reconnaissance mission would effectively turn into an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1FALZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AerialAttack</a>.--Meyer, Feb 23, 1999 AerialAttack destroying an enemy force DestroyingAnEnemyForce To destroy an enemy force is to physically render it combat-ineffective until it is reconstituted. The amount of damage needed to render a unit combat-ineffective depends on the unit's type, discipline, and morale. It normally requires greater than percent personnel or equipment casualties. Destroying armored or dug-in targets with area fire weapons requires a large amount of ammunition and considerable time, so forces do not normally attempt it unless they have terminally guided munitions. (UsingAForFn Weapon AttackOnTangible deviceUsed) attack using weapons poisoning attack An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWgTEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnTangible</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQm8MJVviEdiLDAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">PoisoningAttack</a> is an attack in which an agent attempts to hurt or kill another agent by (somehow) getting that agent to ingest a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a>. For <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQm8MJVviEdiLDAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">PoisoningAttack</a>s in which an agent intends to kill another agent, use the more specialized collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rOCFpJBRBEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">AttemptingKillingThroughPoisoning</a>. PoisoningAttack (InstanceNamedFn-Ternary "looting" AttackType "b93e06fa-17b5-41d9-9194-8cba7586056d") looting suicide attack A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnTangible</a> in which a perpetrator intentionally kills himself as a means of executing the attack. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9kgvKE3AQdeCjazmSmLuPw" class="cyc_term">SuicideAttack</a> includes both attacks that take place in military operations - such as Kamikaze attacks - as well as the more familiar terrorist tactic. SuicideAttack A military attack on some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r-XJ_2knVQdeQePu17PvtyQ" class="cyc_term">AgriculturalResource</a>, intended to disrupt an enemy's food production. Such an attack may cause famine in an enemy force, or damage an enemy's <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuKHmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AgriculturalEconomicSector</a>. Attacks on stockpiled grain or other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHVo1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AgriculturalProduct</a>s do not constitute an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rSoLluEnWQdeP8fzmtdsLiw" class="cyc_term">AgriculturalAttack</a>, but rather an attack on a food supply. agricultural attack AgriculturalAttack attacking an installation by intentional plane crash AttackingAnInstallationByIntentionalPlaneCrash A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnTangible</a>. This is the collection of all attacks in which an airplane is intentionally crashed in order to damage some ground installation. PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnTangible</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDgCrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ViolentAction</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (or a small group of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s) physically attacks another <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (or small group of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s.) Such attacks often (but not always) result in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HarmingAnAgent</a>. Notable specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkKlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Charging_Rushing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjr4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HittingAnOpponent</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvs5iKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexualAssault</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent</a> events are also sub-events of each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwASNK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fight_Physical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViusJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Battle</a>. physically attacking an agent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrOVYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOf2ypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActionOnObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbfzAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnObject</a> is an action intentionally performed by an actor or actors (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>) with the goal (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">purposeInEvent</a>) that the action damages (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVifsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">damages</a>) the object attacked (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveQKOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectAttacked</a>). The object that is attacked in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbfzAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnObject</a> need not be a tangible object -- for example, it could be a web site or a person's character. For attacks against tangible objects, see the more specialized collection, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnTangible</a>. attack AttackOnObject A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDgCrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ViolentAction</a> is a purposeful action of a type commonly considered violent -- generally because it is an action which intentionally attacks, damages, or destroys another agent, or attacks, damages, or destroys something close to some (target) agent. (This closeness may be physical or may consist in the fact that the agent owns or feels strong positive regard for the thing attacked.) Notable specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">War</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBcGZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Torture</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQri25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bombing</a>. ViolentAction violent action <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnTangible</a> is the collection of actions intentionally <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a> an actor (or actors) who have the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">purposeInEvent</a> that the action <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVifsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">damages</a> the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveQKOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectAttacked</a>. AttackOnTangible physical attack <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnTangible</a> is the collection of actions intentionally <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a> an actor (or actors) who have the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">purposeInEvent</a> that the action <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVifsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">damages</a> the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveQKOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectAttacked</a>. AttackOnTangible physical attack A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPG60pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DangerousSituation</a> there is a significant risk of death, injury, or property damage. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPG60pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DangerousSituation</a> which actually result in large numbers of deaths or injuries or large amounts of property damage, are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1YzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisasterEvent</a>. If a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPG60pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DangerousSituation</a> naturally occurs, it is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3hz-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalHazard</a>. hazard DangerousSituation <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnTangible</a> is the collection of actions intentionally <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a> an actor (or actors) who have the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">purposeInEvent</a> that the action <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVifsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">damages</a> the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveQKOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectAttacked</a>. AttackOnTangible physical attack AttackTypeByTargetType A collection of collections. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGlSYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackTypeByTargetType</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnTangible</a> organized by the intended target type of the attack (e.g., attacks aimed primarily against personnel, versus infrastructure, etc.). attack type by target type Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnTangible</a> is the collection of actions intentionally <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a> an actor (or actors) who have the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">purposeInEvent</a> that the action <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVifsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">damages</a> the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveQKOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectAttacked</a>. AttackOnTangible physical attack <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnTangible</a> is the collection of actions intentionally <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a> an actor (or actors) who have the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">purposeInEvent</a> that the action <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVifsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">damages</a> the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveQKOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectAttacked</a>. AttackOnTangible physical attack