]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A collection of abstract (intangible) objects consisting of information; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Credential</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr_MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Accreditation</a> is a credential, issued to an organization by the appropriate authority, that declares the issuer's approval of the quality of the recipient's activities. For example, accreditation of an educational organization to offer a kind of degree or training; or accreditation of a hospital to offer medical services. accreditation Accreditation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_certification JCAHAccreditation A credential issued by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals to hospitals that have been accredited in accordance with JCAH's rules and regulations. JCAH accreditation A collection of abstract (intangible) objects consisting of information; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Credential</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr_MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Accreditation</a> is a credential, issued to an organization by the appropriate authority, that declares the issuer's approval of the quality of the recipient's activities. For example, accreditation of an educational organization to offer a kind of degree or training; or accreditation of a hospital to offer medical services. accreditation Accreditation ObjectType The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object A collection of abstract (intangible) objects consisting of information; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Credential</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr_MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Accreditation</a> is a credential, issued to an organization by the appropriate authority, that declares the issuer's approval of the quality of the recipient's activities. For example, accreditation of an educational organization to offer a kind of degree or training; or accreditation of a hospital to offer medical services. accreditation Accreditation InformationAndCWs-Topic information and CWs topic Credential A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalInformationThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Credential</a> is specific information about one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViknpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> (q.v.), provided by another <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViknpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a>. The information content of a credential consists of favorable, enabling, or empowering propositional declarations. Although each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Credential</a> is wholly intangible, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Credential</a> usually have some associated <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> (e.g. a diploma associated with a college degree, a driver's license). A credential may certify that the holder (i.e. the subject of the credential) has a particular skill (e.g. legal bar certification or the ability to drive); has completed certain training (e.g. GED schooling or satisfying PhD requirements); is allowed to do a certain thing (e.g. a travel visa or permission slip); and so on. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5Z5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">issuesCredential</a>. credential A collection of abstract (intangible) objects consisting of information; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Credential</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr_MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Accreditation</a> is a credential, issued to an organization by the appropriate authority, that declares the issuer's approval of the quality of the recipient's activities. For example, accreditation of an educational organization to offer a kind of degree or training; or accreditation of a hospital to offer medical services. accreditation Accreditation The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYbXiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType QA clarifying collection type A collection of abstract (intangible) objects consisting of information; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Credential</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr_MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Accreditation</a> is a credential, issued to an organization by the appropriate authority, that declares the issuer's approval of the quality of the recipient's activities. For example, accreditation of an educational organization to offer a kind of degree or training; or accreditation of a hospital to offer medical services. accreditation Accreditation