]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Product</a>. Each instance of this collection is a product somehow associated with computers. The collection includes computer hardware and software as well as supplies that are used with computers such as magnetic media, printer paper, cables, etc. Important specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQ2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerHardwareItem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerSoftwareMarketCategory</a>. ComputerMarketCategory computer product http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology technology computer products technologies A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnC9xpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicInformationSystem</a> is a computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations. GeographicInformationSystem GIS computer hardware ComputerHardwareMarketCategory An element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi84ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductTypeByMarketCategory</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerHardwareMarketCategory</a> is a computer hardware item, either a computer, computer component, or peripheral device for computers. An element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi84ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductTypeByMarketCategory</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerSoftwareMarketCategory</a> is a computer software product marketed for use with computers. Examples are spreadsheet software, game software, word processing software, web browsing software, etc. ComputerSoftwareMarketCategory software generic artifact A collection of things created by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s. These creations may be either tangible (like a hammer, a bowl, or a bridge) or intangible (like a set of laws, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a>, or Beethoven's Ninth Symphony). Thus, the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjSBSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a>s is partitioned into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtisp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> (q.v.). Artifact-Generic A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Product</a>. Each instance of this collection is a product somehow associated with computers. The collection includes computer hardware and software as well as supplies that are used with computers such as magnetic media, printer paper, cables, etc. Important specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQ2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerHardwareItem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerSoftwareMarketCategory</a>. ComputerMarketCategory computer product A collection of collections. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi84ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductTypeByMarketCategory</a> is a collection of items that are commonly offered for sale in the same (type of) store, (type of) section of a store, or (type of) catalog. A specialty store might be devoted to a single element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi84ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductTypeByMarketCategory</a>. The basis for a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi84ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductTypeByMarketCategory</a> includes both (1) different brands or variations of a certain kind of product (e.g., hosiery or hammers); and (2) products that are often used together (e.g., kitchen pans and cooking utensils). Thus, members of a single market category collection need not have any intrinsic similarity; they may simply be things that are often used or purchased together. For example, work gloves, a soft clothing item, are usually found with hardware or gardening tools. Commonly, a single element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi84ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductTypeByMarketCategory</a> will include elements of several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductType</a> as members; e.g., many brief cases, suit cases, garment bags, trunks, etc., will all be marketed as instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LuggageMarketCategory</a> Elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductType</a> are related to their <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi84ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductTypeByMarketCategory</a> by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj24ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">insMarketedAs</a>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPwJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Briefcase</a> et al. are not specs of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LuggageMarketCategory</a>; instances of them are merely marketed as such. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi84ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductTypeByMarketCategory</a>: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr0i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BuildingMaterial</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkF7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HealthAndBeautyMarketCategory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjuuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BooksAndMagazinesMarketCategory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectricalSupplyMarketCategory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AutoSoundMarketCategory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HouseholdFurnishingsMC</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8VpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OfficeProductMarketCategory</a>. market category ProductTypeByMarketCategory A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Product</a>. Each instance of this collection is a product somehow associated with computers. The collection includes computer hardware and software as well as supplies that are used with computers such as magnetic media, printer paper, cables, etc. Important specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQ2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerHardwareItem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerSoftwareMarketCategory</a>. ComputerMarketCategory computer product Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Product</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> that is, or was at one time, offered for sale or performed as a commercial service, or was produced with the intent of being offered for sale. Positive examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Product</a> include: - a barrel of crude oil being shipped to a customer; - a completely assembled automobile in a factory; - that same automobile sitting in a dealer's sales lot; - that same automobile after it has been purchased and driven for ten years; - a ripe tomato in the produce department of a grocery store; - that same tomato later thrown away because it has become rotten before it could be sold; - a professional masseuse or masseur giving a massage to a customer; - a professional plumber installing a new sink for a customer. Negative examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Product</a> include: - some natural crude oil lying in the ground; - an automobile prototype developed by a car company for testing purposes; - a tomato grown in someone's backyard garden for personal use; - a person giving a massage to his or her spouse, who has had a stressful day at work; - a do-it-yourselfer installing a new sink in his or her house. Some important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Product</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPJzgVLPmQdiGdb7LbvxCYQ" class="cyc_term">ProductForSale</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangibleProduct</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4razaj8KWbQdeZi_UmYq89qg" class="cyc_term">ServiceProduct</a>. Product sales product A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Product</a>. Each instance of this collection is a product somehow associated with computers. The collection includes computer hardware and software as well as supplies that are used with computers such as magnetic media, printer paper, cables, etc. Important specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQ2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerHardwareItem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerSoftwareMarketCategory</a>. ComputerMarketCategory computer product type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. TemporalStuffType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Product</a>. Each instance of this collection is a product somehow associated with computers. The collection includes computer hardware and software as well as supplies that are used with computers such as magnetic media, printer paper, cables, etc. Important specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQ2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerHardwareItem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerSoftwareMarketCategory</a>. ComputerMarketCategory computer product